Some morphological and phenological characteristics and volatile components of Campanula rapunculus L. var. rapunculus

Abstract

Campanula is one of the largest genus of the Campanulaceae family, represented by approximately 115 species in Turkey and is spread through Iran-Turan, Eastern Mediterranean and Mediterranean phytogeographical regions. The aim of the current study was to determine some morphological features, phenological characteristics and leaf-flower volatile components of Campanula rapunculus var. rapunculus collected in different sites of Uludag Mountain (Bursa). The average plant height was calculated as 37.21 cm, number of corolla was 2.4, the length of the corolla was 2.0 cm, calyx lobe length was 1.36 cm, leaf width was 1.7 cm and leaf length was 4.31 cm. Considering phenological features, it was measured that the first flowering ends in May, full flowering ends in June and late flowering ends in late July. A total of 32 different volatile components were detected in Campanula rapunculus. With the aid of gas chromatographymass spectroscopy (GC-MS) of volatile components by solid phase microextraction technique (SPME), 3-Methylbutanal (10.87%), cis-3-Hexene-1-ol (9.85%) and 3-Octanol (9.62%) were identified as major components. In addition to its medicinal benefits, studies on Campanula genus, considered as food and ornamental plants, should be increased and its value should be revealed.