Türk dış politikasında insani diplomasinin rolü: Karadeniz tahıl koridoru anlaşması örneği
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Tarih
2025
Yazarlar
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Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Diplomasi faaliyetleri tarihi açıdan her ne kadar MÖ ki yıllara dayansa da genel olarak diplomasinin başlangıcı ulus devletlerin ortaya çıktığı 1648 tarihinde imzalanan Westphalia Antlaşması ile kurulan düzene dayanmaktadır. Bu dönem diplomasi türü olarak devletlerin genelde çıkar ve menfaatlerini koruma amaçlı geleneksel diplomasi faaliyetleri olmuş ve bu durum Birleşmiş Milletlerin kurulmasına kadar devam etmiştir. İkinci Dünya Savaşı'nın yıkıcı ve dramatik sonuçları hem uluslararası ilişkiler hem de diplomasi anlayışı da değişime uğramıştır. Bu gelişmeler sonucunda geleneksel diplomasi anlayışından daha çok sivil toplum kuruluşları, uluslararası örgütler ve bireylerin de katılım gösterdiği bir diplomasi türü olan kamu diplomasisi kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. İnsani diplomasi ise kamu diplomasisinin bir alt türü olarak insan odaklı her türlü sorun karşısında insan hayatı ve onurunun korunması için uluslararası iş birliğine yönelik insani faaliyetleri içeren diplomasi türü olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. İnsani diplomasi faaliyetleri son dönemlerde devletlerin uluslararası sistem çerçevesinde tercih ettikleri etkileyici yöntemlerden biri olmuştur. Tarih boyunca yaşanan savaşlar, insani dram ve faciaların yanı sıra, devletler için ekonomik hasarlar da meydana getirmiştir. 24 Şubat 2022 yılında başlayan ve hâlâ devam eden Rusya-Ukrayna savaşı hem bu ülkeleri hem de tüm dünyayı olumsuz yönde etkilemiştir. Bu etkilerin başını ise gıda arzı ve güvenliği oluşturmuştur. Rusya'nın, Ukrayna limanlarında ihracata hazır bekleyen tahıl sevkiyatına yönelik uyguladığı engel nedeniyle, Ukrayna'dan dünyanın çeşitli ülkelerine yönelik tahıl ihracatı engellenmiştir. Bu durum, dünya tahıl fiyatlarında yüksek oranda artan bir enflasyona, küresel düzeyde bir gıda arzı ve güvenliği sorununa sebep olmuştur. Bu sorunun çözümü için 22 Temmuz 2022 tarihinde Rusya, Ukrayna, Türkiye ve BM tarafından "Tahıl ve Yiyecek Maddelerin Ukrayna Limanlarından Emniyetli Sevki Girişimi Belgesi" imzalanmıştır. Türkiye, uluslararası ilişkilerde yaşanan savaş, kriz ve sorunlara son çeyrek yüzyılda daha çok muhatap olur hale gelmiştir. Bu durumun bir yansıması olarak dış politika yapımında daha çok insani değerleri ön plana alan diplomasi faaliyetleri yürütmek olmuştur. Yapılan bu anlaşmanın günümüzde değişen ve dönüşüme uğrayan diplomasi faktörüne insani diplomasi türünde Türkiye'nin katkısı incelenmiştir.
Although diplomatic activities date back to BC in terms of history, the beginning of diplomacy in general is based on the order established by the Treaty of Westphalia signed in 1648, when nation states emerged. In this period, as a type of diplomacy, there were traditional diplomacy activities aimed at protecting the interests and interests of states in general, and this situation continued until the establishment of the United Nations. The devastating and dramatic consequences of the Second World War have changed both international relations and diplomacy. As a result of these developments, public diplomacy, which is a type of diplomacy in which non-governmental organizations, international organizations and individuals participate, has started to be used rather than the traditional understanding of diplomacy. Humanitarian diplomacy, on the other hand, as a subtype of public diplomacy, is a type of diplomacy that includes humanitarian activities for international cooperation in order to protect human life and dignity in the face of all kinds of human-oriented problems. Humanitarian diplomacy activities have recently become one of the impressive methods preferred by states within the framework of the international system. Wars throughout history have caused economic damage for states as well as human tragedies and disasters. The Russia-Ukraine war, which started on February 24, 2022 and still continues, has negatively affected both these countries and the whole world. The main of these effects was food supply and security. Due to Russia's obstacle to the shipment of grain ready for export in Ukrainian ports, grain exports from Ukraine to various countries of the world have been blocked. This situation has caused a high rate of inflation in world grain prices and a global food supply and security problem. In order to solve this problem, on July 22, 2022, Russia, Ukraine, Turkey and the UN signed the "Initiative for the Safe Shipment of Grain and Foodstuffs from Ukrainian Ports". In the last quarter century, Turkey has become more involved in wars, crises and problems in international relations. As a reflection of this situation, it has been to carry out diplomacy activities that prioritize human values in foreign policy making. Turkey's contribution to the changing and transforming diplomacy factor of this agreement in the form of humanitarian diplomacy has been examined.
Although diplomatic activities date back to BC in terms of history, the beginning of diplomacy in general is based on the order established by the Treaty of Westphalia signed in 1648, when nation states emerged. In this period, as a type of diplomacy, there were traditional diplomacy activities aimed at protecting the interests and interests of states in general, and this situation continued until the establishment of the United Nations. The devastating and dramatic consequences of the Second World War have changed both international relations and diplomacy. As a result of these developments, public diplomacy, which is a type of diplomacy in which non-governmental organizations, international organizations and individuals participate, has started to be used rather than the traditional understanding of diplomacy. Humanitarian diplomacy, on the other hand, as a subtype of public diplomacy, is a type of diplomacy that includes humanitarian activities for international cooperation in order to protect human life and dignity in the face of all kinds of human-oriented problems. Humanitarian diplomacy activities have recently become one of the impressive methods preferred by states within the framework of the international system. Wars throughout history have caused economic damage for states as well as human tragedies and disasters. The Russia-Ukraine war, which started on February 24, 2022 and still continues, has negatively affected both these countries and the whole world. The main of these effects was food supply and security. Due to Russia's obstacle to the shipment of grain ready for export in Ukrainian ports, grain exports from Ukraine to various countries of the world have been blocked. This situation has caused a high rate of inflation in world grain prices and a global food supply and security problem. In order to solve this problem, on July 22, 2022, Russia, Ukraine, Turkey and the UN signed the "Initiative for the Safe Shipment of Grain and Foodstuffs from Ukrainian Ports". In the last quarter century, Turkey has become more involved in wars, crises and problems in international relations. As a reflection of this situation, it has been to carry out diplomacy activities that prioritize human values in foreign policy making. Turkey's contribution to the changing and transforming diplomacy factor of this agreement in the form of humanitarian diplomacy has been examined.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Uluslararası İlişkiler, International Relations
