Yazar "Yilmaz, Mustafa" seçeneğine göre listele

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    Determining empty seed formation and germination rates induced by Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heidemann) in coniferous species in Turkish forests
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2024) Parlak, Salih; Yilmaz, Mustafa; Akay, Abdullah Emin; Sarikaya, Oguzhan; Acici, Oezden; Can, Hacer; Kalkan, Mehmet
    In recent years, low germination rates have been a problem in the seeds of various coniferous species in Turkey, particularly Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia) and black pine (Pinus nigra), which are commonly used species for afforestation activities. The increase in low germination rates corresponds to the spread of Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heidemann) in coniferous forests, suggesting an investigation of the potential correlation between the spread of this insect and the empty seed formation and germination rates. This study aimed to investigate the main causes of empty seeds and low germination rates induced by L. occidentalis in coniferous species in Turkey. Sample cones were collected from various coniferous species, including fir (Abies spp.), stone pine (Pinus pinea), Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia), spruce (Picea orientalis), cedar (Cedrus libani), maritime pine (Pinus pinaster), black pine (Pinus nigra), and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), based on their geographical distribution. The seeds were extracted, and the 1000-seed weights were determined for each species, followed by germination tests conducted under controlled conditions. Statistical analysis revealed significant variations in germination rates between species. Among the eight species examined, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) had the highest germination rate of 37.9%, while fir (Abies spp) had the lowest rate of 0.4%. Further analysis showed variations in germination rates based on aspects, with generally higher rates observed in sunny aspects. The results indicated that L. occidentalis caused a significant decrease in seed germination ranging from 60 to 99% in coniferous species and reductions in 1000-seed weights ranging from 19 to 81% among the species, except for Scots pine. The findings highlight widespread germination issues in the seeds of most coniferous trees in Turkey. It was found that L. occidentalis significantly contributes to the formation of empty seeds and lower germination rates in coniferous forests. Therefore, developing strategies to protect and conserve seed resources is essential to mitigate negative impacts on forest resources.
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    Impact of Temperature Inversion on the Distribution Shifts of Turkish Red Pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) and Black Pine (Pinus nigra Arnold.) in the Karıncalı Region, Bursa-Orhaneli
    (Croatian Forest Research Inst, 2025) Yilmaz, Mustafa; Parlak, Salih; Erken, Kamil; Kalkan, Mehmet
    Topographic diversity leads to climate and vegetation differences over short distances. A significant example of these differences is temperature inversion, where cold air accumulates in hollows and concave areas, resulting in lower temperatures in lower zones and affecting the distribution limits of plant species. In this study conducted in the Kar & imath;ncal & imath; region of Orhaneli, Bursa, the effect of temperature inversion on the natural distribution of Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) and black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold.) stands was investigated. Measurements made with temperature sensors placed between 500-600 m altitude for two years showed that although black pine is generally distributed at higher altitudes, it is located below the red pine zones due to temperature inversion. Especially in the lower zones, recorded low temperatures have revealed the cold adaptation advantage of black pine. Temperature inversion affects the distribution limits of plant species, reshaping ecosystem structure and interspecies competition. This highlights the necessity of considering temperature inversion areas in forestry activities. In reforestation projects to be carried out in areas where inversion conditions are effective, the selection of cold-resistant species is of vital importance for the success of the applications.
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    THE MORPHOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL VARIABILITY OF TURKISH HAZEL (CORYLUS COLURNA L.) FRUITS IN TURKEY
    (Croatian Forestry Soc, 2023) Kalkan, Mehmet; Yilmaz, Mustafa; Oral, Rasim Alper
    Turkish hazel (Corylus colurna L.) is naturally distributed in southeast Europe, Anatolia, the Caucasus and Western Himalayas. In Turkey, there are many isolated populations in the Black Sea, Marmara, Aegean, and Central Anatolian Regions. Many of the small populations in Turkey are endangered. In this study, the morphological and chemical characteristics of Turkish hazelnut fruits collected from seven populations were researched. In this regard, considering the morphological characteristics of fruits and kernels, significant differences were observed between the populations. Length, width, thickness, and weight averages were 15.98 mm, 15.38 mm, 12.00 mm and 1.4651 g in the fruits, and 13.03 mm, 11.22 mm, 7.64 mm and 0.5047 g in the kernels, respectively. The average shell thickness was 1.92 mm, shell weight was 0.9604 g, and kernel ratio was 35.16%. Statistically significant differences were found out between the populations whose chemical contents were analyzed. As a result of the analysis, the average fat content, protein, starch, and ash were 64.1%, 15.9%, 10.2 g, and 2.5%, respectively. According to the averages in the obtained fatty acids, the main fatty acids were oleic acid (79.53%), linoleic acid (11.34%), palmitic acid (5.68%), and stearic acid (2.03%), while the rest of other oils were found in trace amounts. Overall, our results suggest that the information relating to morphological and chemical characteristics of Turkish hazelnut can be useful for discriminating among populations.