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    A comparative examination of the conventional and rheological characteristics of crumb rubber modification produced in both laboratory and industrial settings
    (Springer, 2025) Kok, Baha Vural; Yetkin, Zulfu; Ozdemir, Ahmet Munir
    In asphalt production facilities, CR modification is executed through various techniques, which may involve either single or multiple passes utilizing mixing equipment and mills. Laboratory-based CR modification employs different mixing apparatus, varying speeds, durations, and temperatures, and is conducted on a smaller scale than plant operations. The degree to which laboratory mixing replicates the processes used in plant is crucial for the design of effective pavement solutions. This research aimed to evaluate the utilization of CR additive in both laboratory and plant. Enhanced binder performance was achieved in the laboratory by increasing both the mixing speed and duration. Specifically, mixing conditions of 4000 rpm for 60-90 min resulted in a binder exhibiting improved elastic properties due to effective CR-bitumen interaction. Notable differences in rheological characteristics were observed between the CR-modified binders produced in the laboratory and those generated in the plant. It was concluded that the performance of the binder produced in the plant could be replicated in the laboratory at lower speeds of 1000-2000 rpm with a mixing duration of approximately 30 min. Furthermore, to enhance the performance of the plant-produced binder, it is essential to maintain a high number of passes through the mill.
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    Determination of operating conditions of box culverts with different technical specifications
    (Pamukkale Univ, 2026) Kok, Baha Vural; Yetkin, Zulfu; Yalcin, Erkut; Ozdemir, Ahmet Munir
    As a result of improper planning of culvert structures constructed for the passage of water flowing in stream beds to the other side of the road body, the road may become unserviceable and access to the areas that need to be reached, especially in disaster situations, is interrupted, causing significant material and moral damages. In this study, the performance of the most commonly used box culverts on highways is analyzed within the framework of technical parameters. The effects of culvert slope, roughness, length and different culvert inlet types on inlet water height and outlet water velocity were investigated. It was found that outlet-controlled conditions prevail when the culvert slope is low and roughness is increased, slope, roughness and length have a significant effect on the outlet water velocity, and the best performance is obtained when the culvert inlet is inclined at33.7 degrees, the culvert inlet is tapered by 50% and the wing wall is 27 degrees.
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    Efficient use of waste photopolymer plates in bitumen modification and an alternative styrene-butadiene-styrene modification method
    (Springer, 2024) Kok, Baha Vural; Yetkin, Zulfu; Yalcin, Erkut; Ozdemir, Ahmet Munir
    Photopolymers, which are composed of monomer, oligomer polymer, and their combinations and exhibit photochemical reactions when exposed to light, are now commonly employed in 3D printers, particularly in the flexographic printing industry, and are becoming waste. The utilization of waste solid sheet Photopolymer Plates (PhP) for bitumen modification is an efficient way of disposing of post-consumer items and an alternate method of obtaining new, high-quality modifiers. The consequences of using waste PhP in bitumen modification, both independently and in conjunction with Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) were explored. By combining PhP and SBS, it is hoped that savings can be made without sacrificing performance due to the high rate of single SBS modification. The modified binders prepared using PhP and SBS both separately and together were subjected to conventional and rheological tests. The performance of 5% SBS modification could not be achieved at the highest rate that PhP can be used alone without creating a workability problem. The use of 5-7% PhP in combination with 2% SBS outperformed the single 5% SBS modification. This combined binder did not cause workability problems and showed good low and high-temperature behavior and was found to be an economical alternative to SBS modification.