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Öğe Automatic Segmentation of Asphalt Cracks on Highways After Large-Scale and Severe Earthquakes Using Deep Learning-Based Approaches(Ieee-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc, 2025) Yilmaz, Mehmet; Yalcin, Erkut; Demir, Fatih; Ozdemir, Ahmet Munir; Atar, Muhammed; Gunes, Aysegul; Cambay, ErtugrulThis study develops a deep learning-based automated system for detecting and segmenting earthquake-induced asphalt cracks, offering a rapid and reliable solution for post-disaster road condition assessments. Unlike traditional manual inspections, which are time-consuming and error-prone, our approach leverages advanced segmentation techniques to ensure accurate, pixel-level classification of various crack types. The main challenge of this study was determining the damage caused to highways by earthquakes with magnitudes greater than 7.0, which occur approximately once every 200 years. The most crucial step in the automatic detection of these damages is the reliable preparation of a high-accuracy dataset. To achieve this, pixel-based labels were created by experts in the construction field by analyzing each pixel value. Following two major earthquakes, a unique dataset for segmenting roadway deterioration was created through intensive and detailed studies. This study aims to present the performance results of popular deep learning-based segmentation models in an unbiased manner, providing a feasible infrastructure for future real-time applications. The innovative aspect of this research lies in the creation of a unique post-earthquake dataset, collected and labeled from highways affected by the February 6, 2023 earthquakes in Turkey (Mw = 7.7 and Mw = 7.6). Deep learning models, including SegNet, Attention SegNet, U-Net, FCN (8s), and DeepLab, were trained and tested on this dataset. Among these, the SegNet model achieved the best performance with an average accuracy of 86.72%, precision of 92.99%, and sensitivity of 78.45%. By demonstrating superior performance metrics compared to existing methods, this study provides a robust framework for future infrastructure monitoring and maintenance strategies, ensuring safer and more resilient transportation networks in disaster-prone regions.Öğe Combining polymers and additives for sustainable asphalt binder performance(Elsevier, 2025) Aydin, Hakan; Yalcin, Erkut; Yilmaz, Mehmet; Ozdemir, Ahmet Munir; Alatas, TanerThe viscoelastic and thermoplastic nature of bituminous materials makes them highly sensitive to factors such as temperature changes, extreme and repeated loading, and UV radiation. To prevent this sensitivity from causing significant structural problems, bitumen must exhibit behavior characterized by desirable properties. The most common method to achieve this is through polymer modification. To date, a wide variety of polymers have been used for bitumen modification, and recent research has increasingly focused on using different polymers together. In this study, 611 elastomer, crumb rubber (CR), and melastol-crumb rubber (MCR) were used both individually and in combination as modifiers. Their physical, rheological, and mechanistic behaviors were thoroughly investigated. The findings indicate that binders modified with 611 and MCR exhibited superior rheological properties, including increased stiffness, elasticity, and resistance to permanent deformation when compared to those modified with SBS and CR. The best performance was obtained from the binder containing 3.5 % 611 additive. It improved the high temperature performance of the pure binders. The findings also highlight the sustainability potential of this approach, since the incorporation of recycled melastol crumb rubber (MCR) reduces waste and the required dosage of virgin elastomer, thereby supporting environmentally and economically sustainable pavement practices. Future research should emphasize field trials and long-term performance evaluations to validate these laboratory findings.Öğe Determination of operating conditions of box culverts with different technical specifications(Pamukkale Univ, 2026) Kok, Baha Vural; Yetkin, Zulfu; Yalcin, Erkut; Ozdemir, Ahmet MunirAs a result of improper planning of culvert structures constructed for the passage of water flowing in stream beds to the other side of the road body, the road may become unserviceable and access to the areas that need to be reached, especially in disaster situations, is interrupted, causing significant material and moral damages. In this study, the performance of the most commonly used box culverts on highways is analyzed within the framework of technical parameters. The effects of culvert slope, roughness, length and different culvert inlet types on inlet water height and outlet water velocity were investigated. It was found that outlet-controlled conditions prevail when the culvert slope is low and roughness is increased, slope, roughness and length have a significant effect on the outlet water velocity, and the best performance is obtained when the culvert inlet is inclined at33.7 degrees, the culvert inlet is tapered by 50% and the wing wall is 27 degrees.Öğe Dynamic-Mechanic Analysis and Rheological Modelling of Waste Face Mask Modified Bitumen(Turkish Chamber Civil Engineers, 2024) Ozdemir, Ahmet Munir; Yalcin, Erkut; Yilmaz, Mehmet; Kok, Baha VuralDue to the Covid-19 global pandemic, the use of face masks has increased considerably in recent years. Used face masks are released into our environment and become a severe environmental threat. Therefore, researchers have focused on the recycling of waste face masks. Recently, studies have been carried out on the use of waste face masks as additives in bituminous materials, but a detailed rheological characterization has not been made. In this study, modified bitumens were obtained by adding 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, and 3% waste face mask (WFM). Subsequently, frequency sweep test was performed on modified bitumen samples through a Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR). Thus, the viscoelastic behavior of WFM modified bitumen was investigated at different temperatures and loading rates. Performance analysis was conducted with rheological master curves, which were characterized according to analytical and mechanistic models. In this study, rheological evaluations were performed according to the Christensen-Anderson (CA) Model, Christensen-Anderson-Marasteanu (CAM) Model, Sigmoidal Model (SM), and finally, the mechanistic Huet-Sayegh Model (HSM). According to the results, it was determined that WFM significantly increased the rutting resistance of bitumen and performed better at low and high loading rates than the pure bitumen at each WFM ratio.Öğe Efficient use of waste photopolymer plates in bitumen modification and an alternative styrene-butadiene-styrene modification method(Springer, 2024) Kok, Baha Vural; Yetkin, Zulfu; Yalcin, Erkut; Ozdemir, Ahmet MunirPhotopolymers, which are composed of monomer, oligomer polymer, and their combinations and exhibit photochemical reactions when exposed to light, are now commonly employed in 3D printers, particularly in the flexographic printing industry, and are becoming waste. The utilization of waste solid sheet Photopolymer Plates (PhP) for bitumen modification is an efficient way of disposing of post-consumer items and an alternate method of obtaining new, high-quality modifiers. The consequences of using waste PhP in bitumen modification, both independently and in conjunction with Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) were explored. By combining PhP and SBS, it is hoped that savings can be made without sacrificing performance due to the high rate of single SBS modification. The modified binders prepared using PhP and SBS both separately and together were subjected to conventional and rheological tests. The performance of 5% SBS modification could not be achieved at the highest rate that PhP can be used alone without creating a workability problem. The use of 5-7% PhP in combination with 2% SBS outperformed the single 5% SBS modification. This combined binder did not cause workability problems and showed good low and high-temperature behavior and was found to be an economical alternative to SBS modification.Öğe Investigation of the Effects of Different Modified Asphalts on Storage Stability(Avestia Publishing, 2024) Furtana-Yalcin, Beyza; Yílmaz, Mehmet; Yalcin, Erkut; Ozdemir, Ahmet MunirIn this study, the storage stability of modified bitumen prepared with bitumen additives styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) and American Gilsonite (AG) was evaluated. For this purpose, modified bitumen was prepared by using different ratios of each additive type. The prepared modified bitumens were subjected to storage stability test according to EN 13399 standard. Penetration, softening point and rotational viscometry tests were performed on the samples subjected to storage stability test. As a result of the penetration and softening point tests of the samples prepared with SBS after storage stability, it was determined that the penetration and softening point values of the samples obtained from the upper part of the tube were higher. This is thought to be due to the accumulation of SBS, which has a lower specific gravity than bitumen, in the upper part of the tube during the storage stability test. Considering the viscosity test results, it was determined that the viscosity values of the modified bitumen samples obtained from the upper part of the tubes were higher than the samples obtained from the lower part of the tubes. © 2024, World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering. All rights reserved.Öğe Investigation on the rheological behaviour and ageing characteristics of crumb rubber and polyurethane blends under dynamic shear conditions(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2025) Kok, Baha Vural; Yalcin, Erkut; Ozdemir, Ahmet Munir; Ozdemir, Nisanur GurcayThis study aims to investigate the effects of the use of crumb rubber (CR) with polyurethane (PU) in bitumen modification on rheological and ageing properties. A novel modified palm-oil-based polyol was reacted with 4,40-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) to synthesise a polyurethane-derived polymer. Multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR), single point and frequency sweep tests were carried out. The analysis of the binders' viscoelastic behaviour was conducted using the Christensen-Anderson (CA) model. The complex viscosity was modelled using the Cross model. The low-temperature behaviour of the binders was determined by the bending beam rheometer (BBR) test, and the mixing-compaction temperatures were determined by the steady shear flow (SSF) method. Compared to single CR modification, the use of 4% PU in combination with 8% CR (8C + 4P) was found to broaden the relaxation spectrum, increase stiffness, improve shear-thinning resistance, and lead to a notable increase in resistance against ageing. Due to the polymeric networks developed in the 8C + 4P binder, it was determined that it exhibits superior elastic properties at high temperatures and also offers improved durability against low-temperature cracks. It was ascertained that the 8C + 4P binder demonstrated superior performance in both low- and high-temperature conditions compared to the 4% SBS modification, while there was no significant difference in terms of production temperatures.Öğe Rheological Investigation of Bitumens Obtained From Different Refineries Modified With SEBS: Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Analysis(Avestia Publishing, 2025) Yalcin, Erkut; Ozdemir, Ahmet MunirThe durability and performance of hot mix asphalts are highly dependent on the rheological properties of the bitumen. However, the diversity in the composition of crude oil from different regions, combined with the effects of the refining process, leads to significant differences in the properties of bitumen. This shows that modification methods can produce different results for each type of bitumen. Bitumen modification, especially with elastomeric additives, is an effective method to improve the deformation resistance and long-term performance of asphalt pavements. In this study, bituminous binders of penetration class 160/220 were obtained from two different refineries in Turkey-Batman and Iraq-Lanaz. Bitumens were modified with SEBS at different percentages (2,3 and 4%) and their rheological properties were determined by Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) test. The effect of temperature and additive ratios on bitumens of different origin was investigated by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) analysis. The results revealed the importance of bitumen origin and showed that the addition of SEBS significantly increased the rutting strength for both binder types. The RSM analysis revealed that the effect of temperature was higher than that of the additive. © 2025 Avestia Publishing. All rights reserved.Öğe Self-Healing and Mechanical Properties of Aged Hot Mix Asphalt Containing Waste Oil Capsules(Springer Heidelberg, 2025) Erdogan Yamac, Ozge; Yilmaz, Mehmet; Yalcin, Erkut; Ozdemir, Ahmet Munir; Garcia-Hernandez, Alvaro; Kok, Baha VuralHot mix asphalts are known to have a self-healing property and microcracks in the pavement can close to some extent after they occur if they are not subjected to load and if sufficient time is allowed. However, this healing period is prolonged, and the healing rate is not very high. In this study, calcium alginate capsules containing waste vegetable oil and waste mineral oil as rejuvenating agents were produced, and used in asphalt mixtures at four different rates (0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1.0%) by weight. The study aims to develop an environmentally friendly and economically viable repair method by using waste oils. Marshall stability and flow and tensile strength ratio tests were conducted on cylindrical specimens. Additionally, three-point bending test was performed on aged asphalt mixtures to determine the self-healing rates of cracks formed in the specimens. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was conducted on bitumen specimens taken before crack formation and after the healing period to determine the percentage of ruptured capsules in the mixture. The results showed that the addition of capsules containing waste mineral oil and vegetable oil reduced stability values and increased flow values. However, according to the results of the retained Marshall stability test, it was determined that the addition of capsules, especially at a 0.5% ratio, increased resistance to moisture damage. Regarding crack-healing results, it was found that temperature and curing time increased healing rates, and capsules containing waste mineral oil provided higher healing rates compared to those containing waste vegetable oil.
