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    Analysis of the effects of the first phase of COVID-19 pandemic on mobility choices in Italy by a multi-criteria approach
    (Palacky University Olomouc, 2022) Campisi, Tiziana; Moslem, Sarbast; Duleba, Szabolcs; Tanbay, Nurten Akgün; Szmelter–Jarosz, Agnieszka; Tesoriere, Giovanni
    COVID-19 pandemic has caused changes in logistics and mobility. Concerning Italian road mobility, between March and April 2020, there has been a reduction in traffic for both light vehicles and heavy goods vehicles. Italy was the first European country to implement a total lockdown, starting on March 9th, causing a deep contraction in road traffic. This paper explores the main differences in mobility choices before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. A multi-criteria decision-making method was selected for the analysis of questionnaire survey data. The fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process was applied, considering eight mobility types: bus, tram, taxi, train, shared vehicles, multiple modes, walking and car. An evaluation process was adopted for the modal mobility choices of the residents of Sicily, Italy. The results show a significant decline in mobility demand during the first phase of the pandemic, especially in public transport mode. The findings provide a deeper understanding of the need to implement strategies to respect the constraints generated by the pandemic and revive the penalised transport and mobility-related sectors. Furthermore, the study’s findings provide valuable insights for the policymakers, both national and local, about the mobility results of the lockdown and can be used as a forecast benchmark for planning the restrictions in the future, in case of another unexpected phenomenon, e.g., pandemic. © 2022 The Author(s).
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    Anxiety, fear and stress feelings of road users during daily walking in COVID-19 pandemic: Sicilian cities
    (Elsevier B.V., 2022) Campisi, Tiziana; Basbas, Socrates; Trouva, Mirto; Papas, Thomas; Akgün, Nurten; Stamatiadis, Nikiforos; Tesoriere, Giovanni
    The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly influenced people's lifestyles including their travel choices. The pandemic resulted in placing restrictions in travelling throughout Italy due to the obligatory need for social distancing and changes in public transport services. City residents changed their mobility patterns and started using their private vehicles more often instead of public transport, while choosing to walk or cycle for short distance trips. Governments and local authorities encouraged citizens to use sustainable travel modes, particularly walking, during the pandemic period. However, the high number of infections and deaths, especially in Italy, has strongly influenced the propensity of walking due to the emotional aspects of travelling. This paper presents a statistical analysis based on data gathered through a questionnaire in urban areas of Sicily focusing on travel by walking for either leisure or work. The evaluation of negative emotions that people who habitually walk for short distances in the study areas is the main focus of the present work.The data indicated a variation between three emotions: anxiety, stress, and fear. These emotions had a potential to influence people's daily life and, as a result, their travel habits. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.
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    Exploring Public Opinion on Personal Mobility Vehicle Use: A Case Study in Palermo, Italy
    (Mdpi, 2020) Campisi, Tiziana; Akgün Tanbay, Nurten; Ticali, Dario; Tesoriere, Giovanni
    The Sustainable Urban Mobility Planning (SUMP) process deals with barriers to improve accessibility and quality of life in urban mobility. Public opinion is highly essential for this process because it presents the real needs of road users. This paper illustrates the influence of public opinion on using Private Mobility Vehicle (PMV) in urban. A survey was carried out with 400 participants in Palermo, Italy. The results suggested that there was heterogeneity in gender and age groups in subcategories which represented people who use, do not use, and completely reject, using PMVs in urban. In addition, it was explored that there was a statistically significant relationship at 95% confidence level between sociodemographic characteristics (gender and age groups) and public opinion on PMV using. Employment status was found as an important parameter in transport planning. It was also showed that there was an inconsistency between local and national results. The results suggested that sociodemographic characteristics and public opinion should be investigated in further studies. In addition, a participatory planning process should be carried out to monitor for reliable evaluation in urban transport planning.
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    Modelling Road User Perceptions towards Safety, Comfort, and Chaos at Shared Space: The via Maqueda Case Study, Italy
    (Wiley-Hindawi, 2022) Akgun-Tanbay, Nurten; Campisi, Tiziana; Tanbay, Tayfun; Tesoriere, Giovanni; Dissanayake, Dilum
    This study aims to investigate the impacts of perception of infrastructure, sociodemographic characteristics, frequency of road use, and road user perception on safety, comfort, and chaos with respect to shared spaces. The case study area was the Via Maqueda, a shared street in Palermo, Italy. A face-to-face survey was conducted and the answers of 200 of the participants, who use three active travel modes, namely, walking, cycling, and micromobility, were analysed. The results obtained from the ordered logit models suggest that one-unit higher perception of infrastructure will increase safety and comfort perceptions for both walking and cycling. Females feel less safe while walking and less comfortable while cycling at shared spaces compared to males. Increasing the age group by one unit will decrease the safety and comfort perceptions for walking. The participants who use the shared spaces more frequently perceive that they feel more comfortable with cycling. Participants, particularly males, find the shared spaces less chaotic for walking when the perception of infrastructure is higher. Regarding the micromobility use at shared spaces, females feel less comfortable compared to males while using micromobility.
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    The development of electric 2 and 3-Wheelers for low carbon passenger transport: A long-term benefits assessment
    (American Institute of Physics Inc., 2022) Campisi, Tiziana; Ali, Nazam; Akgün, Nurten; Canale, Antonino; Tesoriere, Giovanni
    Shared mobility can play an important role in many of the nations by reducing negative impacts of traffic. The emergency of the shared mobility concept makes it possible to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals by meeting with the decarbonization strategies such as Green Deal and 2030 Agenda. In the near future, it is expected that shared mobility and innovative transport systems will reshape urban mobility by reducing negative impacts on environment and promoting smart and sustainable travel options. More in particular, electric based shared mobility modes could represent the future with being more environment-friendly and energy-efficient. Among different types of shared means of transport, rickshaws have been becoming popular in South-East Asia, which initially involved as human traction, large size, and traditional pedicab tricycles but have evolved into electrified vehicles. Low-cost Chinese models were the first electric rickshaws which become popular. Currently, electric rickshaws are commonly used in many of the countries in Asia, particularly in China, India, Bangladesh, and Nepal. Some European countries, such as Switzerland, France and Germany, have researched and developed shared electric bike (e-bike) and electric bike taxi (ebike-taxi) services and have been trying to capture the growing market in Asia. The governments in European countries are making serious efforts to improve the number of these mode of transport by making policies such as issuing license with reduced fee. In this paper, the uptake of using shared e-bikes, ebike-taxis and electric rickshaws is presented. The benefits of using these modes in urban areas and the critical issues related to the diffusion are also discussed. This study lays foundation for the improvement of different urban planning and mobility strategies in Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans by providing critical suggestions, which are fundamental for the development of best practices as a guiding tool for local authorities and mobility service providers. © 2022 Author(s).
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    The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Resilience of Sustainable Mobility in Sicily
    (Mdpi, 2020) Campisi, Tiziana; Basbas, Socrates; Skoufas, Anastasios; Akgün Tanbay, Nurten; Ticali, Dario; Tesoriere, Giovanni
    The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in unprecedented measures changing travel habits in many countries. Many users have started to prefer traveling by private cars, which is against the sustainability policies of the European cities. The necessity of gaining a deeper understanding of road users' travel habit changes, their feelings on public transport use, and their perceptions of using sustainable urban mobility modes has emerged for future transport planning. Considering these facts, the study in this paper aimed to investigate the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on road users' perceptions, needs, and use of sustainable travel modes (i.e., public transport, walking, and cycling). An online survey was carried out during the period from March to May 2020 in the case study area, Sicily of Southern Italy. Regarding the population of the case study, the survey was representative, with 431 individuals. The survey included variables, namely gender, age, city of residence, private car ownership, walking and cycling frequency before and during the pandemic, public transport use frequency for leisure activities before and during the pandemic, need for remote working, and the stress and anxiety perception of using public transport during the pandemic. The analysis started with descriptive statistics and it was followed by correlation analysis in order to explore the characteristics of the dataset and relationship between variables. It was found that these were not statistically significantly correlated at a 95% confidence level. An ordinal regression model was applied for determining the predictions. The results suggested that women were less likely to walk during the pandemic than men. Participants were more likely to resume remote work even after the second phase in order to reduce their daily travel needs and keep their isolation. Participants have expressed a positive opinion on the use of micromobility during pandemic situations. These results can be considered as a basis for sustainable urban planning and a guide for decision-makers who aim to encourage the use of public transport, walking, cycling, and micromobility.