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Öğe Bacterial cellulose nanofibers for separation, drug delivery, wound dressing, and tissue engineering applications(Elsevier, 2022) Tamahkar, Emel; Topçu, Aykut Arif; Perçin Demirçelik, Işık; Aslıyüce, Sevgi; Denizli, AdilBacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibers with high purity, high surface/volume ratio, high biocompatibility, high porosity, high tensile strength, and high water holding capacity are emerging attractive biomaterial. BC nanofibers can be prepared simply via bacterial incubation withalow cost inadetermined shape owing to its in-situ moldability. BC nanofibers due to its structural and morphological properties have demonstrated great potential asanative form or with various modifications using polymers, micro/nanoparticles, and small molecules for diverse application areas. This review aims to discuss the applicability and efficiency of the BC nanofibers and its composites focusing on the unique characteristics of BC in the fields of separation, drug delivery, wound dressing, and tissue engineering. It overviews the recent developments about the fabrication methods of BC that was used asaseparation medium, adrug delivery vehicle, awound dressing material, andascaffold. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Bacterial cellulose/poly vinyl alcohol based wound dressings with sustained antibiotic delivery(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Tamahkar, EmelThe current work was aimed to prepare bacterial cellulose/poly vinyl alcohol (BC/PVA) wound dressings loaded with antibiotic which were prepared via freeze-thawing. The swelling ratio of BC/PVA hydrogels was in the range of 188–240%. The water loss percentage of BC was improved with the addition of PVA. 30% of the cumulative ampicillin delivery from BC/PVA hydrogels was achieved during 120 h suggesting significant role of PVA incorporation since 50% of ampicillin was released from BC after 24 h. BC/PVA hydrogels showed great antibacterial activity against E.coli and S. aureus. The results revealed that BC/PVA hydrogels presented great potential as wound dressings with high swelling ratio, low water loss percentage and slow antibiotic release properties.Öğe Characterization and antibacterial activity of gelatin–gellan gum bilayer wound dressing(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2022) Özkahraman B.; Özbaş Z.; Bayrak G.; Tamahkar, Emel; Perçin I.; Kılıç Süloğlu A.; Boran F.Bilayer wound dressing systems consisting of various biopolymers have been preferred in biomedical applications due to its enhanced advantages in comparison with conventional systems. The aim of this research was to develop a novel bilayer wound dressing based on gelatin (G) and gellan gum (GG). The bilayer was composed of an upper layer impregnated with antibiotic drug sodium ampicillin and a drug-free lower sponge layer. The bilayer hydrogels were characterized by FTIR, TGA, DSC and SEM analyses including swelling behaviors and hydrolytic degradation tests. To achieve faster healing of the wound by prevention of the bacterial infection, the bilayer hydrogels were developed as antibiotic-releasing vehicles. Herein, release study of sodium ampicillin was performed in PBS to simulate the physiological micro-environment. Additionally, cyto-compatibility tests of L929 fibroblast cells showed the high proliferation and survival through drug-loaded GG and G hydrogels (GG-G-D) after 24h, 48h and 72h incubation. This novel GG-G bilayer hydrogel could be a good candidate as wound dressing.Öğe Evaluation of kappa carrageenan and gelatin based sponges for dental applications(Springer Int Publ Ag, 2022) Suloglu, Aysun Kilic; Ozkahraman, Bengi; Ozbas, Zehra; Bayrak, Gulsen; Percin, Isik; Kanca, Yusuf; Tamahkar, EmelIn the current study, kappa carrageenan (kappa-carr) and gelatin (gel) based hemostatic sponges were fabricated for dental applications. The (K)-carr and gel based dental sponges were characterized by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The morphological properties of the dental sponges were observed by Scanning Electron Microscope analysis. Thermal properties of sponges were evaluated by Thermogravimetric Analysis. The swelling and hydrolytic degradation percentages of the dental sponges were investigated in pH 6.8 to mimic oral saliva. The mechanical properties of the dental sponges were determined and were found to be higher in comparison with the commercial sponge. The sponges reached approximately 95% blood absorption at the end of 45 min. kappa-carr and gel based dental sponges did not show cytotoxic effects on the L929 fibroblast cell line in thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide cell viability assay. All results suggested that the developed K-carr and gel based dental sponges demonstrate great potential for dental applications for the future health care materials.Öğe Poly(vinyl alcohol)/(hyaluronic acid-g-kappa-carrageenan) hydrogel as antibiotic-releasing wound dressing(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Özbaş Z; Özkahraman B.; Bayrak G.; Kılıç Süloğlu A.; Perçin I.; Boran F.; Tamahkar, EmelThe aim of this research was to investigate the potential of ampicillin-loaded hydrogels based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), hyaluronic acid (HA) and kappa-carrageenan (K-Carr) as an antibiotic-releasing wound dressing. Firstly, the novel polymers (HA-g-K-Carr) were synthesized by grafting of HA onto K-Carr using 4-dimethylaminopyridine/1-(3-dimethylaminopyl)-3-ethyl-carbodiimide hydrochloride as catalyst system via esterification reaction. The characterization of the polymer structure was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance and thermogravimetric analysis. Secondly, PVA/(HA-g-K-Carr) hydrogel with/without loading of ampicillin molecules was formed via freeze–thawing method since PVA/K-Carr and PVA/HA hydrogels were also fabricated as control groups. The hydrogels were subjected to characterizations with FTIR and X-ray diffractometer. PVA/(HA-g-K-Carr) hydrogel demonstrated the highest swelling amount and highest ampicillin release amount reaching an equilibrium value after 480 min rather than the other hydrogels. Also, PVA/(HA-g-K-Carr) hydrogel exhibited inhibition zone against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and no cytotoxic effect for L929 cells. All the results showed that PVA/(HA-g-K-Carr) hydrogels are good candidates for wound dressing applications.Öğe Polyvinylalcohol/Polyethyleneimine Hydrogels: Evaluation of Swelling, Dehydration and Antibacterial Activity(2024) Tamahkar, Emel; Özkahraman, Bengi; Bayrak, Gülşen; Perçin, Işık; Ciğeroğlu, Zeynep; Boran, FilizIn the present study, Polyvinylalcohol/polyethyleneimine (PVA/PEI) hydrogels designed with different Glutaraldehyde (Glu) amount, PEI amount and PVA concentration were synthesized via solvent casting technique. The fabricated PVA/PEI hydrogels with different compositions were evaluated for swelling rate, dehydration properties and antibacterial activity to determine superior combination. The swelling tests were performed for 0-300 min at pH 7.4 and 37 °C. All of the prepared PVA/PEI hydrogels swelling ratio were observed in the range of 221-321%. The highest dehydration rate was found for the PVA/PEI hydrogel with the lowest PVA concentration and the lowest dehydration rate was found for the PVA/PEI hydrogel with the highest Glu amount. All the PVA/PEI hydrogels demonstrated high antibacterial activity against E.coli. PP5 (prepared with 5% PVA, 0.5 mL PEI and 30 µL Glu) was determined as the selected hydrogels with optimized characteristics in respect to swelling, dehydration and antibacterial activity data. This study highlights potential usage of the resultant PVA/PEI hydrogels as antibacterial wound dressings in wound care applications.
