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    Mesoporous silica aerogels for sunflower oil refining and investigation of their adsorption performance
    (Springer, 2025) Soylu, Tulay Merve; Ozel, Cem; Ikizler, Burcu Karakuzu; Ozarslan, Ali Can; Terzioglu, Pinar; Elalmis, Yeliz Basaran; Yucel, Sevil
    Involving a succession of oil refining stages for edible oil production, a notable constraint lies in the necessity to employ diverse adsorbents at various steps within these processes. This study investigates the synthesis of mesoporous silica aerogels from rice husk ash, comparing their efficacy in physical sunflower oil refining with earth clay (Bentonite) and commercial silica (Trisyl). Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) impact during aging was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and N2 adsorption-desorption analyzer to examine alterations in the structure of silica aerogels. The surface areas of TEOS-doped silica aerogel (TSA) and non-TEOS-doped silica aerogel (NTSA) were 296.18 and 267.06 m(2)/g. Mesoporous silica aerogels were evaluated for their ability to reduce free fatty acids (FFA), peroxide value (PV), phosphorus, and color pigments in sunflower oil. TSA and NTSA demonstrated significant FFA removal, with TSA at 3 wt.% achieving the highest performance of 32.2%. TSA also effectively reduced PV and phosphorus compared to NTSA, Bentonite and Trisyl, exhibiting performance similar to Bentonite in the bleaching process. TEOS-doped silica aerogels have shown promise as adsorbents for impurity removal in sunflower oil and has emerged as the potential adsorbent that can comprehensively and effectively meet the requirements of many edible oil physical refining applications in a singular step. Mesoporous silica aerogel synthesis from rice husk ash with/without TEOS-doping. Mesoporous silica aerogels were compared to commercial adsorbents. For the first time mesoporous silica aerogels were used for oil adsorption with promising results. TEOS-doped silica aerogel was used to remove acids and peroxide in oil purification effectively. TEOS-doped silica aerogel performed effective color and phosphorus removal in oil purification.
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    Novel Adsorbents for Canola Oil Physical Refining: Mesoporous Calcium and Magnesium Silica Aerogel
    (Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2025) Soylu, Tulay Merve; Karakuzu-Ikizler, Burcu; Terzioglu, Pinar; Yucel, Sevil
    The refining process of edible oil is essential for extending its shelf life by removing contaminants that negatively affect quality and consumer acceptance. This study evaluates the effectiveness of calcium silica aerogel, magnesium silica aerogel, a combination of both, bentonite, Trisyl, and various aerogel combinations in a single-stage physical refining process of crude canola oil. Calcium and magnesium silica aerogels were synthesized via the precipitation method from water glass and subsequently dried under ambient pressure using an air dryer. The synthesized aerogels were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, N2 adsorption-desorption analysis and bulk density measurements. The surface areas of the calcium and magnesium aerogels were found to be 45.67 m2/g and 616.46 m2/g, with densities of 0.15 g/cm3 and 0.18 g/cm3, respectively. The adsorption capacities of these adsorbents for free fatty acids, peroxides, and color pigments in crude canola oil were examined. The aerogels reduced free fatty acid levels by 14% to 47%, and their use in the refining process produced oil with a lighter color. Notably, the most effective peroxide removal, reaching 53.4%, was achieved with a 50:50 combination of aerogels. These findings demonstrate the potential of calcium and magnesium silica aerogels as effective adsorbents for removing impurities from edible oils.