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    A change is gonna come: will traditional meat production end?
    (Springer, 2022) Simdi, Halil; Şeker, Ayberk
    Recently, the world has faced environmental disasters mainly due to global warming. One of the main reasons for global temperature imbalances is the greenhouse gases (GHG) that soar the atmosphere's heat. The major aim of the current study is to explore whether the livestock population is the main contributor to GHG emission through econometric estimations. In this study, we examine the impact of livestock population with other explanatory variables-GDP per capita, Economic Complexity Index (ECI), ecological balance, and total patent applications-over GHG emission of 25 countries responsible for 76% of GHG emission between 1990 and 2017. To investigate the relationship of variables, Fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) are used, as well as panel causality. Also, the relationship is examined by using the responsiveness scores (RS) approach. The empirical results reveal that all variables have a causal relationship with GHG emission. GDP per capita, ECI, and livestock population enhance the GHG emission whereas square of GDP per capita and ecological balance decline the environmental degradation. The paper demonstrates that the environmental Kuznets curve is valid and supports the literature. Lastly, the RS estimation results reveal that the livestock population is causing higher GHG emissions for all countries in the analysis, contrary to other independent variables. Governments should promote carbon-neutral meat production facilities instead of traditional beef farms to live in a more sustainable world. In the future, countries that invest in research and development (R&D) for less emission meat production will have a comparative advantage in the sustainable international meat market.
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    Has South Korea Really Benefited from FTAs?: A Gravity Model Estimation
    (Inst Korean Studies, 2022) Simdi, Halil; Unal, Tugce Danaci
    This study aims to reveal the actual effect of FTAs on South Korea's foreign trade volumes of main export and import products separately. The econometric approach of our study follows the gravity model with a panel dataset of 47 countries that have FTA with South Korea for the years between 2001-2018 by using 2-digit HS (Harmonized System) classification for main export and import goods. The study reveals that even though signing the FTA affects positively the trade volume of South Korea and partner countries, the export of South Korea is affected positively only for the base metals & articles products while the import of South Korea increases for mineral products, chemical or allied industries products and machinery & mechanical appliances after the FTAs entered into force. Our findings contribute to the literature by ascertaining a new estimation model and original empirical results for South Korean trade policy makers.
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    Spatial Analysis of High-Tech Export Performance of the Eastern European Member States of the EU
    (University of National and World Economy, 2024) Seker, Ayberk; Simdi, Halil
    Some Central and East European countries have integrated into the European Union after 2004 and followed free market economy principles. This paper studies the spatial spillovers effects of high-tech export, Gross Domestic Product per capita, research and development expenditure, number of research and development full time equivalent, and technology accumulation among European Union member Central and East European countries over the period 2007-2020 by using spatial panel estimation models. The main purpose of the paper is to investigate whether high-tech export of European Union member Central and East European countries has a dependency and interaction with each other after EU membership. The estimation results of spatial panel model results reveal that an increment in high-tech exports of adjacent countries increases the high-tech exports of other regional countries. Our results also provide evidence on Gross Domestic Product per capita, and research and development expenditure of European Union member transition economies have positive and significant impacts on high-tech exports of that countries. © 2024, University of National and World Economy. All rights reserved.