Yazar "Shivaram, Karthik B." seçeneğine göre listele

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    Comparative Analysis of Bacterial and Algal Treatment in Attached and Suspended Systems for Egg-Washing Wastewater Treatment
    (Amer Chemical Soc, 2025) Shivaram, Karthik B.; Nakatsu, Cindy H.; Yakamercan, Elif; Engel, Bernard A.; Huwe, Adam P.; Brunnquell, John; Simsek, Halis
    Egg-washing wastewater treatment is challenging due to high nutrients and organic matter from manure and broken eggs during washing. This study evaluated the performance of attached and suspended growth treatment systems, focusing on the impact of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on the treatment efficiency. Various rectangular and column reactors were employed, and moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) media and algae-bacteria consortia were used. Bacterial and bacterial-algal (Chlorella vulgaris) inocula, across different HRTs of 12, 24, and 48 h in column reactors and 2, 4, and 8 days in rectangular reactors, were tested. The reactors were aerated using a pump running at 5 psi (pounds per square inch) at room temperature. Algae-bacteria inoculum outperformed the standalone bacteria inoculum in removing both inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus. In the column reactor, total dissolved nitrogen removal peaked at 53.8% with bacterial inoculum at a 2 day HRT. Phosphorus removal exceeded 82% at a 4 day HRT in MBBR systems. Both reactor types demonstrated similar chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rates, with up to 90% COD removal in MBBR at a 2 day HRT. When the COD loads reached 12,000 mg/L, attached growth systems showed greater resilience to these shock loads than suspended growth systems.
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    Electrochemical treatment of aquaculture wastewater effluent and optimization of the parameters using response surface methodology
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) Bhatt, Pankaj; Huang, Jen-Yi; Shivaram, Karthik B.; Brown, Paul; Yakamercan, Elif; Simsek, Halis
    The electrocoagulation (EC) and electrooxidation (EO) processes are employed widely as treatment processes for industrial, agricultural, and domestic wastewater. In the present study, EC, EO, and a combination of EC + EO were evaluated as methods of removing pollutants from shrimp aquaculture wastewater. Process parameters for electrochemical processes, including current density, pH, and operation time were studied, and response surface methodology was employed to determine the optimum condition for the treatment. The effectiveness of the combined EC + EO process was assessed by measuring the reduction of targeted pollutants, including dissolved inorganic nitrogen species, total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), phosphate, and soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD). Using EC + EO process, more than 87% reduction was achieved for inorganic nitrogen, TDN, and phosphate, while 76.2% reduction was achieved for sCOD. These results demonstrated that the combined EC + EO process provided better treatment performance in removing the pollutants from shrimp wastewater. The kinetic results suggested that the effects of pH, current density, and operation time were significant on the degradation process when using iron and aluminum electrodes. Comparatively, iron electrodes were effective at reducing the half-life (t1/2) of each of the pollutants in the samples. The application of the optimized process parameters on shrimp wastewater could be used for large-scale treatment in aquaculture.