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    Fabrication and Characterization of Calcium Alginate Beads with a Specially Designed Magnetic Pulse Encapsulator
    (Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2025) Demircan, Seyda; Demircan, Huseyin; Sarioglu, Kemal; Ates, Ergun; Seyhun, Nadide; Oral, Rasim Alper
    In this study, a novel encapsulator system based on magnetic field principles was developed to produce gallic acid-loaded beads with an adjustable particle size and high production capacity. A dripping device was designed and optimized using the response surface methodology with a central composite design. Alginate concentration, nozzle diameter, frequency, distance, and flow rate were selected as independent variables. Bead properties, including encapsulation efficiency, production yield, loading capacity, particle diameter, aspect ratio, circularity, sphericity, polydispersity index, span, D10, D50, and D90, values were evaluated as response variables. In vitro release kinetics of the beads were investigated. Particle shape was mainly affected by all parameters except flow rate, while size distribution was predominantly governed by the alginate concentration, nozzle diameter, and frequency. Bead morphology strongly affected the release behavior, with smaller and more spherical beads showing faster release rates. The developed system successfully produced small-sized beads with high encapsulation efficiency (up to 60.7%). These findings demonstrate the potential of the proposed magnetic encapsulation system for the efficient encapsulation of gallic acid and other water-soluble phenolic compounds. Furthermore, its adaptability to multi- or interchangeable nozzle configurations makes it suitable for pilot- or industrial-scale production.
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    Microbial Quality of Drinking and Utility Water in Tourism Facilities in Antalya
    (2024) Nural, Rişan Elif; Seyhun, Nadide
    The microbial quality of drinking and utility water is important for public health, environmental safety, and overall well-being. Contaminated water can harbor harmful microorganisms that can cause a wide range of diseases. Governments set standards for the microbiological quality of drinking water, and it is required to regularly test and monitor the microbial content of water to meet these standards. This study investigated the microbial quality of drinking and utility water in different hotels in Antalya during high season (June – July – August – September) in 2022 and 2023. 270 water samples for each year – 540 samples in total were collected from 12 different hotels. Total coliform and E. coli analyses were performed via membrane filtration analysis, and the results were verified by using oxidase test and indole test. The results showed that only 1 hotel out of 12 have met the safety criteria required in the legislation. All the other 11 hotels had overall microbial counts over the legal limits. In 2022, total coliforms were detected in 8 hotels at 29 different sample spots, and E. coli growth was found in the water used for washing vegetables only in 1 establishment. In 2023, total coliforms were found in 11 hotels at 53 different spots, and E. coli was detected in the samples taken from the ice machines at 3 facilities. The results concluded that microbiological contamination occurs in drinking and utility water, especially originated from ice machines, in tourism facilities if the required hygiene and sanitation criteria are not provided.