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    Change in Some Heavy Metal Concentrations in Forest Trees by Species, Organ, and Soil Depth
    (2023) Erdem, Ramazan; Arıcak, Burak; Cetin, Mehmet; Sevik, Hakan
    Heavy metal pollution is one of the most important environmental problems nowadays, and studies on monitoring and reducing heavy metal pollution are among the popular and high-priority study subjects. It was stated that the most effective instrument in monitoring heavy metal pollution and reducing pollution is the plants. However, the heavy metal accumulation potential remarkably differs among the organs of plants. Within the scope of this study, the concentrations of Cu, Mn, and Al, which are among the most dangerous and important heavy metals for human health, in the soils in which forest tree species Pinus nigra Arnold., Pinus silvestris L., Fagus orientalis Libsky., and Abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmülleriana Mattf. are grown and analyzed at different soil depths and in leaf, bark, wood, cone, and root organs. As a result, the highest concentrations were found in cone and bark for Cu, leaf for Mn, and root for Al. For this reason, among the elements examined here, it is estimated that Mn is taken into the plant body mainly from the air through leaves, and Al is mainly taken from the soil via roots. The results obtained here suggest that the transfer of all three elements between organs was very limited and that species utilize elements in the soil at different levels. Study results might provide important information about which species can be used in reducing heavy metal pollution in which environment.
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    Possible Change in Distribution Areas of Abies in Kastamonu due to Global Climate Change
    (Kastamonu Univ, 2024) Erturk, Nihat; Aricak, Burak; Sevik, Hakan; Yigit, Nurcan
    Aim of the study: In the process of global climate change (GCC), the migration mechanism needed especially for forest trees must be provided by humans. For this purpose, contrary to the previous studies, detailed studies to be carried out on small areas are needed. Area of study: In the present study carried out in Kastamonu Regional Directorate of Forestry, which performs the highest level of wood production in Turkiye, it was aimed to specify the actual distribution areas of the Abies and the change in their suitable distribution areas due to GCC. Material and methods: In this study, besides the existing distribution areas and the potential future distribution areas, also the suitable distribution areas were determined by using SSP 126, SSP 370, and SSP 585 scenarios for the years 2040, 2070, and 2100 for Abies at Kastamonu. Main results: The results achieved there showed that, depending on the results of climate change, distribution areas of Abies populations would change in the future and this change would be in form of an increase in general. Research highlights: This species (Abies) seems incapable of keeping up with such changes without human intervention. Thus, considering the study results, it is recommended to make necessary amendments to the forest management plans.
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    Potential Changes in the Suitable Distribution Areas of Fagus orientalis Lipsky in Kastamonu Due to Global Climate Change
    (Aves, 2024) Erturk, Nihat; Aricak, Burak; Yigit, Nurcan; Sevik, Hakan
    The present study aims to determine the current distribution areas of Fagus orientalis Lipsky and the changes in suitable distribution areas due to global climate change within the borders of Kastamonu Forest Regional Directorate of Forestry. In the present study, the current suitable distribution areas of Fagus orientalis and the suitable distribution areas in the years 2040, 2070, and 2100 according to socioeconomic pathway 126, socioeconomic pathway 370, and socioeconomic pathway 585 scenarios were determined. The study results indicate that the suitable distribution areas of Fagus orientalis populations in Kastamonu will change depending on the effects of climate change and that the change will be in the form of an increase in general.
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    Potential Changes in the Suitable Distribution Areas of Fagus orientalis Lipsky in Kastamonu Due to Global Climate Change
    (2024) Ertürk, Nihat; Arıcak, Burak; Yigit, Nurcan; Sevik, Hakan
    The present study aims to determine the current distribution areas of Fagus orientalis Lipsky and the changes in suitable distribution areas due to global climate change within the borders of Kastamonu Forest Regional Directorate of Forestry. In the present study, the current suitable distribution areas of Fagus orientalis and the suitable distribution areas in the years 2040, 2070, and 2100 according to socioeconomic pathway 126, socioeconomic pathway 370, and socioeconomic pathway 585 scenarios were determined. The study results indicate that the suitable distribution areas of Fagus orientalis populations in Kastamonu will change depending on the effects of climate change and that the change will be in the form of an increase in general.
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    Shifts That May Appear in Climate Classifications in Bursa Due to Global Climate Change
    (Aves, 2024) Aricak, Burak; Cantuerk, Ugur; Koc, Ismail; Erdem, Ramazan; Sevik, Hakan
    Global climate change (GCC) is defined as a process that is considered the most crucial problem of the current century and will affect all living things and ecosystems in the world. In order to specify the potential impacts of this phenomenon, which does not seem possible to stop, it is necessary first to predict the change in climate types. Therefore, the current study aimed to define the shift of climate classifications (according to De Martonne, Erin & ccedil;, and Emberger climate category) in 2040, 2060, 2080, and 2100 for Bursa, one of the largest cities in T & uuml;rkiye, according to the SSPs 245 and SSPs585 scenarios, and compare it with its current situation. As a result, it was determined that the climate types in Bursa province would change significantly and primarily manifest as a shift into arid climate types. It is recommended to take precautions on a sectoral basis to avoid the devastating effects of GCC.
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    Shifts That May Appear in Climate Classifications in Bursa Due to Global Climate Change
    (2024) Arıcak, Burak; Cantürk, Uğur; Koç, İsmail; Erdem, Ramazan; Sevik, Hakan
    Global climate change (GCC) is defined as a process that is considered the most crucial problem of the current century and will affect all living things and ecosystems in the world. In order to specify the potential impacts of this phenomenon, which does not seem possible to stop, it is necessary first to predict the change in climate types. Therefore, the current study aimed to define the shift of climate classifications (according to De Martonne, Erinç, and Emberger climate category) in 2040, 2060, 2080, and 2100 for Bursa, one of the largest cities in Türkiye, according to the SSPs 245 and SSPs585 scenarios, and compare it with its current situation. As a result, it was determined that the climate types in Bursa province would change significantly and primarily manifest as a shift into arid climate types. It is recommended to take precautions on a sectoral basis to avoid the devastating effects of GCC.
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    The Change of the Concentrations of Boron and Sodium in Some Forest Soils Depending on Plant Species
    (2023) Erdem, Ramazan; Cetin, Mehmet; Arıcak, Burak; Sevik, Hakan
    Plant growth is largely related to soil structure, nutrients, and climatic factors. In agricultural soils, the amount of nutrients in the soil can be changed significantly by fertilization, whereas the bedrock’s characteristics largely shape soil nutrient con- tent in forested areas. Therefore, the accumulation level of each element in different organs of the plants is different, and the nutrient content in the soil differs according to the plant species. The organ samples (leaf, bark, wood, cone, and root) were taken from the relevant trees, and soil samples from the surface (0–5 cm), moderate (20–30 cm), and deep (50–60 cm) depths under the trees. The dried samples were combusted in special microwave ovens and turned into a solution. Then, using the ICP-OES device, the boron (B) and sodium (Na) element analyses were conducted. By using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 22.0 package software, the data were subjected to variance analysis and Duncan’s test. The data were then simplified and interpreted by tabularizing. In this study, the concentrations of B and Na in the leaves, bark, wood, roots, and cones of black pine, scotch pine, oriental beech, and Turkish fir trees grown in a limited area in a similar land structure were determined. These concentrations were compared with the concentrations at different depth levels of the soil. It was to determine how the B and Na concentrations changed depending on the species, organ, and soil depth.