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Öğe Ability of green cover from sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) and dog rose (Rosa canina L.) to control erosion and improve soil organic carbon and nitrogen stocks in terraces of Northwest Turkey(Springer Heidelberg, 2020) Sarıyıldız, Temel; Savaci, GamzeThe main aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of green cover and afforestation on soil properties, erosion susceptibility, as well as soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil total nitrogen (STN) contents and stock capacities. Mineral soil samples from two soil depths (0-10 cm and 10-20 cm) were obtained from a bare soil plot (BSP), a young forest plot (7-year-old juvenile cover; YFP), a mature forest plot (MFP) used as a reference control, a young forest plot with sainfoin green cover (YFP + S), and a young forest plot with dog rose green cover (YFP + R). The soil samples were analyzed for pH, water holding capacity (WHC), soil texture, dispersion ratio, bulk density, SOC, STN, and soil extractable P and K. Soil bulk density, soil volume, and the SOC and STN were used to calculate the mean SOC and STN stocks. Results showed that afforestation and green cover significantly influenced the chemical and physical properties of the soil, reduced its dispersion ratio, and increased its SOC and STN stock capacities (P < 0.05). The mean SOC stock was highest for MFP (39.7 t C ha(-1)), followed by YFP + R (37.1 t C ha(-1)), YFP + S (35.7 t C ha(-1)), YFP (22.1 t C ha(-1)), and BSP (10.9 t C ha(-1)). However, the mean STN stock was highest for YFP + S (2.40 t N ha(-1)), followed by MFP (2.25 t N ha(-1)), YFP + R (2.08 t N ha(-1)), YFP (1.88 t N ha(-1)), and BSP (0.55 t N ha(-1)). These results indicate that with proper care and management, natural or artificial leguminous and shrub species can provide year-round soil protection and minimize soil erosion in black pine plantation terraces. Growing these species could enhance soil productivity by increasing soil organic matter, improving the soil structure, and increasing the water holding capacity and nutrient retention of the soil.Öğe Effects of Iron-Steel Factory and Dense Traffic on Leaf Chemical Compounds of Six Tree Species in Turkey(Kastamonu Univ, Orman Fak, 2018) Turfan, Nezahat; Savaci, Gamze; Sarıyıldız, TemelAim of study: Tree planting can play an important role in improving the quality of the urban environment. On the other hand, air pollutants can affect growth and health of trees. We studied the impacts of air pollution caused by the iron-steel factory and dense traffic on leaf chemical composition and also tree tolerance to the air pollution using six tree species (Maple, Ash tree, Cypress, Black pine, Sycamore and Aspen). Material and Methods: The fresh leaf and needle sampling was carried out in April and July, and analyzed for photosynthetic pigments, peroxidation level, hydrogen peroxide, enzymatic antioxidants and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Main results: Although there were statistically significant variations in the studied chemical compositions of the fresh leaf and needle samples between the six tree species, the pollution types and time, each chemical factor acted different ways with the pollution types and time according to tree species. In general, the pigment values, MDA, H2O2 and APX, concentrations in July were lower than those in April, whereas CAT, SOD, proline and protein concentrations in July were higher than those in April. Maple tree was more resistant to the traffic pollution, while Ash tree was more tolerant to both the pollution types. Among all trees, Aspen was found more susceptible to the traffic pollution Research highlights: The results could be used in the future research directions to improve our understanding of the role of individual tree species in air pollution reduction and also set up a healthy, well managed urban forest which can provide many ecological benefits to urban environment.Öğe Effects of stand age on litter quality, decomposition rate and nutrient release of Kazdagi fir (Abies nordmanniana subsp. equi-trojani)(Sisef-Soc Italiana Selvicoltura Ecol Forestale, 2020) Savaci, Gamze; Sarıyıldız, TemelThe influence of stand age on litter quality, decomposition rate and nutrient release was examined in pure stands of Kazdagi fir (Abies nordmanniana subsp. equi-trojani [Steven] Spach) differing in age (Fir(38), Fir(60), Fir(90) and Fir(100) years). The needle litters were collected and analysed for initial total carbon, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and nutrient concentrations (N, P, K, Ca, S, Mg, Mn and Fe). Initial litter quality parameters varied significantly among the four stand age classes. The Fir(60) and Fir(100) stands had higher total C than the Fir(38) and Fir(90) stands, while the Fir38 and Fir(100) stands had higher N than the Fir(60) and Fir(90) stands. Mean cellulose and hemicellulose concentrations were highest in the Fir(90) stand, while mean lignin concentration was highest in the Fir38 stand. Fir(90) stand showed the highest ratios of C/N and Lignin/N. In general, the older fir stands showed higher Ca, Mg and K concentrations and lower P and S concentrations than the younger stands. The litter, however, showed higher a Mn concentration under the Fir(60). Mean Fe concentration was highest under the Fir(38) stand and lowest under the Fir(60) stand. Litter decomposition was studied in the field using the litterbag technique. The litterbags were placed on the soil under each stand age class and sampled every 6 months for 2 years. The interaction of stand age and time on the mass loss was significant (p<0.01). The repeated measures ANOVA showed that the main effect of time on the mass loss was also significant (p<0.001). Needle litters under Fir(100) and Fir(60) stands decomposed faster than the needle litters under Fir(90) and Fir(38) stands. The calculated times required for 50% mass loss were higher under Fir(38) (1.35 y) and Fir(90) (1.27 y) stands than under Fir(100) (1.05 y) and Fir(60) (1.06 y) stands. The litters in Fir(38) and Fir(90) stands need approximately 4 years for 95% mass loss compared to the litters in Fir(60) and Fir(100) stands, which need 3 years. In general, Ca, Mg and S concentrations increased over time, whereas K and Mn decreased. These results illustrate that stand age is a key factor to be considered when studying litter decomposition dynamics.Öğe The Effects of Windthrow Damage on Soil Properties in Scots Pine, Black Pine and Kazdagi Fir Stands in the Northwest Turkey(Kastamonu Üniversitesi, 2021) Savaci, Gamze; Sarıyıldız, Temel; Caglar, Sadik; Kara, Ferhat; Topal, EsraAim of study: The short-term effects of windthrow damage on soil properties were investigated in Kazdagi fir (Abies nordmanniana subsp. equi-trojani), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold.) stand in northwest Turkey. Area of study: The study was carried out in Kastamonu and Sinop regions. Material and methods: In order to understand the effects of windthrow damage occurred in 2013, soil samples were collected at a depth of 0-30 cm from the disturbed and undisturbed sites in 2018 (5 year later), and analyzed for soil physical and chemical properties. Main results: The increases in temperature, wind speed and heavy rainfall in the study sites seemed to result in the windthrows. There were significant differences in soil physical and chemical properties among the three tree species, and also between the disturbed and the undisturbed sites. Highlights: After the windthrows, increased SOC and TN stocks, P and K could be related to the accumulation of organic matter. However, we were not able to identify a single mechanism to explain this observed relationship. Thus, the root-soil interactions of the three tree species should be conclusively examined in future studies in order to define the relationships between soil chemical properties and root features.
