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Öğe A comparative examination of the conventional and rheological characteristics of crumb rubber modification produced in both laboratory and industrial settings(Springer, 2025) Kok, Baha Vural; Yetkin, Zulfu; Ozdemir, Ahmet MunirIn asphalt production facilities, CR modification is executed through various techniques, which may involve either single or multiple passes utilizing mixing equipment and mills. Laboratory-based CR modification employs different mixing apparatus, varying speeds, durations, and temperatures, and is conducted on a smaller scale than plant operations. The degree to which laboratory mixing replicates the processes used in plant is crucial for the design of effective pavement solutions. This research aimed to evaluate the utilization of CR additive in both laboratory and plant. Enhanced binder performance was achieved in the laboratory by increasing both the mixing speed and duration. Specifically, mixing conditions of 4000 rpm for 60-90 min resulted in a binder exhibiting improved elastic properties due to effective CR-bitumen interaction. Notable differences in rheological characteristics were observed between the CR-modified binders produced in the laboratory and those generated in the plant. It was concluded that the performance of the binder produced in the plant could be replicated in the laboratory at lower speeds of 1000-2000 rpm with a mixing duration of approximately 30 min. Furthermore, to enhance the performance of the plant-produced binder, it is essential to maintain a high number of passes through the mill.Öğe Assessment of Thermal Properties of Nanoclay-Modified Bitumen(Springer Heidelberg, 2023) Yilmaz, Bahadir; Ozdemir, Ahmet Munir; Gurbuz, Havanur EbruIn this study, B50/70 penetration grade original bitumen was modified by adding nanoclay at 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% ratios. Subsequently, penetration, softening point, and rotational viscometer tests were performed on non-aged and short-term aged samples. The effect of nanoclay addition to bitumen on the susceptibility of bitumen to high temperature was evaluated with different equations. Since the central focus of the study is to assess the temperature susceptibility and the reaction to thermal changes of the nanoclay added bitumen, a differential scanning calorimetry experiment was performed on the samples, and the temperature susceptibility criteria that are obtained from the binder experiment results such as penetration index, viscosity-temperature susceptibility, and pen-vis number were calculated. In addition, the temperature range in the rotational viscometer experiment was kept broad, and measurements were made at 10 degrees C increments. By fitting these measurements into the Arrhenius equation, activation energies of original and modified bitumen were obtained. The results revealed that adding nanoclay improved the temperature susceptibility, high-temperature performance, and the resistance properties to aging of the binders.Öğe Automatic Segmentation of Asphalt Cracks on Highways After Large-Scale and Severe Earthquakes Using Deep Learning-Based Approaches(Ieee-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc, 2025) Yilmaz, Mehmet; Yalcin, Erkut; Demir, Fatih; Ozdemir, Ahmet Munir; Atar, Muhammed; Gunes, Aysegul; Cambay, ErtugrulThis study develops a deep learning-based automated system for detecting and segmenting earthquake-induced asphalt cracks, offering a rapid and reliable solution for post-disaster road condition assessments. Unlike traditional manual inspections, which are time-consuming and error-prone, our approach leverages advanced segmentation techniques to ensure accurate, pixel-level classification of various crack types. The main challenge of this study was determining the damage caused to highways by earthquakes with magnitudes greater than 7.0, which occur approximately once every 200 years. The most crucial step in the automatic detection of these damages is the reliable preparation of a high-accuracy dataset. To achieve this, pixel-based labels were created by experts in the construction field by analyzing each pixel value. Following two major earthquakes, a unique dataset for segmenting roadway deterioration was created through intensive and detailed studies. This study aims to present the performance results of popular deep learning-based segmentation models in an unbiased manner, providing a feasible infrastructure for future real-time applications. The innovative aspect of this research lies in the creation of a unique post-earthquake dataset, collected and labeled from highways affected by the February 6, 2023 earthquakes in Turkey (Mw = 7.7 and Mw = 7.6). Deep learning models, including SegNet, Attention SegNet, U-Net, FCN (8s), and DeepLab, were trained and tested on this dataset. Among these, the SegNet model achieved the best performance with an average accuracy of 86.72%, precision of 92.99%, and sensitivity of 78.45%. By demonstrating superior performance metrics compared to existing methods, this study provides a robust framework for future infrastructure monitoring and maintenance strategies, ensuring safer and more resilient transportation networks in disaster-prone regions.Öğe Combining polymers and additives for sustainable asphalt binder performance(Elsevier, 2025) Aydin, Hakan; Yalcin, Erkut; Yilmaz, Mehmet; Ozdemir, Ahmet Munir; Alatas, TanerThe viscoelastic and thermoplastic nature of bituminous materials makes them highly sensitive to factors such as temperature changes, extreme and repeated loading, and UV radiation. To prevent this sensitivity from causing significant structural problems, bitumen must exhibit behavior characterized by desirable properties. The most common method to achieve this is through polymer modification. To date, a wide variety of polymers have been used for bitumen modification, and recent research has increasingly focused on using different polymers together. In this study, 611 elastomer, crumb rubber (CR), and melastol-crumb rubber (MCR) were used both individually and in combination as modifiers. Their physical, rheological, and mechanistic behaviors were thoroughly investigated. The findings indicate that binders modified with 611 and MCR exhibited superior rheological properties, including increased stiffness, elasticity, and resistance to permanent deformation when compared to those modified with SBS and CR. The best performance was obtained from the binder containing 3.5 % 611 additive. It improved the high temperature performance of the pure binders. The findings also highlight the sustainability potential of this approach, since the incorporation of recycled melastol crumb rubber (MCR) reduces waste and the required dosage of virgin elastomer, thereby supporting environmentally and economically sustainable pavement practices. Future research should emphasize field trials and long-term performance evaluations to validate these laboratory findings.Öğe Determination of operating conditions of box culverts with different technical specifications(Pamukkale Univ, 2026) Kok, Baha Vural; Yetkin, Zulfu; Yalcin, Erkut; Ozdemir, Ahmet MunirAs a result of improper planning of culvert structures constructed for the passage of water flowing in stream beds to the other side of the road body, the road may become unserviceable and access to the areas that need to be reached, especially in disaster situations, is interrupted, causing significant material and moral damages. In this study, the performance of the most commonly used box culverts on highways is analyzed within the framework of technical parameters. The effects of culvert slope, roughness, length and different culvert inlet types on inlet water height and outlet water velocity were investigated. It was found that outlet-controlled conditions prevail when the culvert slope is low and roughness is increased, slope, roughness and length have a significant effect on the outlet water velocity, and the best performance is obtained when the culvert inlet is inclined at33.7 degrees, the culvert inlet is tapered by 50% and the wing wall is 27 degrees.Öğe Dynamic-Mechanic Analysis and Rheological Modelling of Waste Face Mask Modified Bitumen(Turkish Chamber Civil Engineers, 2024) Ozdemir, Ahmet Munir; Yalcin, Erkut; Yilmaz, Mehmet; Kok, Baha VuralDue to the Covid-19 global pandemic, the use of face masks has increased considerably in recent years. Used face masks are released into our environment and become a severe environmental threat. Therefore, researchers have focused on the recycling of waste face masks. Recently, studies have been carried out on the use of waste face masks as additives in bituminous materials, but a detailed rheological characterization has not been made. In this study, modified bitumens were obtained by adding 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, and 3% waste face mask (WFM). Subsequently, frequency sweep test was performed on modified bitumen samples through a Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR). Thus, the viscoelastic behavior of WFM modified bitumen was investigated at different temperatures and loading rates. Performance analysis was conducted with rheological master curves, which were characterized according to analytical and mechanistic models. In this study, rheological evaluations were performed according to the Christensen-Anderson (CA) Model, Christensen-Anderson-Marasteanu (CAM) Model, Sigmoidal Model (SM), and finally, the mechanistic Huet-Sayegh Model (HSM). According to the results, it was determined that WFM significantly increased the rutting resistance of bitumen and performed better at low and high loading rates than the pure bitumen at each WFM ratio.Öğe Effect of microencapsulated phase change material on the rheological and thermal properties of asphalt binder(Elsevier, 2025) Ozdemir, Ahmet Munir; Kok, Baha Vural; Yildirim, Furkan; Aydogmus, ErcanAsphalt binders are known for their pronounced sensitivity to temperature fluctuations, often leading to rutting under high temperatures and thermal cracking in colder conditions. While phase change materials (PCMs) have potential to regulate these thermal effects, their direct incorporation into binder poses challenges such as leakage and a lack of structural integrity. In this study, the effects of microencapsulated PCM additives on the rheological and thermal characteristics of asphalt binder was investigated. The results of Rotational Viscosity (RV), Temperature Sweep, Frequency Sweep and Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) tests showed that PCM additions improve high-temperature performance by boosting viscosity and stiffness, and also help reduce brittleness at low temperatures. Supporting chemical analyses such as FTIR, TGA-DSC, and SEM confirmed both the successful integration and thermal stability of the microencapsulated PCM within the binder matrix. Further evaluation using master curves and the Cross Model highlighted a notable increase in zero-shear viscosity, particularly with an 8 % PCM content, along with improved flow consistency across varying temperatures. Additionally, thermal behavior assessments using a custom-designed experimental setup showed that PCM incorporation had a significant effect on the binder's temperature-time response. The duration to achieve peak temperature was extended, while both the heating rate and cooling slope were reduced, leading to a decrease in the overall thermal load in samples containing PCM. The area under the curve and thermal lag times indicated that PCM effectively absorbs heat during phase transitions, thereby dampening temperature fluctuations and ensuring a more stable thermal response of the binder.Öğe Effect of polymer modification on bitumen rheology: A comparative study of bitumens obtained from different sources(De Gruyter Poland Sp Z O O, 2025) Ozdemir, Ahmet Munir; Yalcin, Beyza Furtana; Yilmaz, MehmetThe rheological and mechanical properties of bituminous binders vary significantly depending on the crude oil source. Consequently, the response of binders from different sources to polymer modification also differs. This study compares the rheological performance of B160/220 penetration-grade binders sourced from the Turkey-Batman and Iraq-Lanaz refineries, modified with styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS), the most widely used polymer additive. To evaluate high-temperature performance, performance grade and frequency sweep tests were conducted using a dynamic shear rheometer. In addition to experimental assessments, the rheological behavior of the binders was analyzed using the Christensen-Anderson, Cross, and Carreau-Yasuda models. Time-temperature superposition principle master curves were generated to characterize their viscoelastic behavior. Zero shear viscosity (ZSV) values were determined using the Cross and Carreau-Yasuda models to examine the impact of polymer modification on binder viscosity. The findings indicate that the initial rheological properties of bitumen significantly influence its response to SBS modification. For instance, the G*/sin delta value increased by up to 199% at 64 degrees C with 4% SBS addition, while the softening point rose by 9.5 degrees C compared to unmodified binders. Modelled ZSV values showed more than a sevenfold increase in some cases, especially in Iraqi binders. On the other hand, at -18 degrees C, the m-value dropped to 0.282 in the B-SBS4 binder, indicating a potential risk of low-temperature cracking. While polymer modification improved the rheological properties of both bitumen types, its effectiveness varied depending on the source.Öğe Efficient use of waste photopolymer plates in bitumen modification and an alternative styrene-butadiene-styrene modification method(Springer, 2024) Kok, Baha Vural; Yetkin, Zulfu; Yalcin, Erkut; Ozdemir, Ahmet MunirPhotopolymers, which are composed of monomer, oligomer polymer, and their combinations and exhibit photochemical reactions when exposed to light, are now commonly employed in 3D printers, particularly in the flexographic printing industry, and are becoming waste. The utilization of waste solid sheet Photopolymer Plates (PhP) for bitumen modification is an efficient way of disposing of post-consumer items and an alternate method of obtaining new, high-quality modifiers. The consequences of using waste PhP in bitumen modification, both independently and in conjunction with Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) were explored. By combining PhP and SBS, it is hoped that savings can be made without sacrificing performance due to the high rate of single SBS modification. The modified binders prepared using PhP and SBS both separately and together were subjected to conventional and rheological tests. The performance of 5% SBS modification could not be achieved at the highest rate that PhP can be used alone without creating a workability problem. The use of 5-7% PhP in combination with 2% SBS outperformed the single 5% SBS modification. This combined binder did not cause workability problems and showed good low and high-temperature behavior and was found to be an economical alternative to SBS modification.Öğe Experimental evaluation and 3D finite element simulation of creep behaviour of SBS modified asphalt mixture(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2025) Ozdemir, Ahmet MunirThe viscoelastic characteristics of asphalt pavements lead to the occurrence of plastic permanent deformation under repeated traffic loads, a phenomenon referred to as rutting. To address the issue of rutting, asphalt is often modified, with styrene-butadiene-styrene being the most prevalent additive utilized globally. This research involved the preparation of asphalt mixtures incorporating varying proportions of styrene-butadiene-styrene (1 %, 2 %, 3 %, and 4 %), which were then subjected to static creep tests to evaluate their rutting performance. Viscoelastic finite element models were developed based on the experimental creep data, allowing for a comparison between experimental results and simulation outcomes. Following validation, the viscoelastic properties of both control and modified asphalt mixtures were analyzed under various experimental conditions. The findings indicated that the inclusion of styrene-butadiene-styrene markedly enhanced the rutting resistance of the asphalt mixture by mitigating deformations. Furthermore, effective creep models were established using the finite element method, yielding results that closely aligned with the experimental data. Response surface methodology was employed to explore the relationship between varying stress levels and additive ratios, revealing that both factors significantly influence the outcomes, with stress levels exerting a greater impact on the final creep stiffness values than the additive ratio. The analysis also indicated that styrene-butadiene-styrene demonstrates greater efficacy at elevated stress levels, where stiffness values are comparatively low. This study showed that 4 % styrene-butadiene-styrene increased the creep resistance of asphalt mixtures up to 121 %. Moreover, the deformation values obtained by the finite element model agreed with the experimental results with an accuracy of more than 95 %. The response surface analysis revealed that the additive has a significant ameliorative effect on the creep behavior, especially at high stress levels.Öğe Integrating experimental and atomistic insights into the rejuvenation of aged binder using bio-based rejuvenators(Elsevier Ltd, 2026) Kurban, Mustafa; Furtana-Yalcin, Beyza; Yílmaz, Mehmet; Akpinar, Sinan; Kök, Baha Vural; Hekim, Seda Surucu; Ozdemir, Ahmet MunirThis study integrates experimental and computational methods to evaluate the rejuvenation performance of an aged asphalt binder using two novel bio-based additives, 1T and 2T. The aged binder, sourced from reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), was modified with 25 wt% of each rejuvenator (denoted as 1T25 and 2T25, respectively). SARA (Saturates, Aromatics, Resins, Asphaltenes) fractionation and colloidal indices were used to assess compositional recovery. Both additives increased aromatic and resin contents while reducing asphaltenes. The 2T-modified binder achieved the highest colloidal stability (Ic = 0.29) and the most pronounced improvement in stability indicators (CI and Ic) among the tested systems. Complementary molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using the COMPASSII force field modeled the structural and thermodynamic behavior of RAP and rejuvenated systems. The 2T25 system exhibited higher density and more compact molecular packing, suggesting stronger cohesive organization and reduced free volume, whereas 1T25 showed greater molecular spacing and flexibility. RDF analysis and converged thermodynamic/structural trajectories (energy, temperature, cell length, and density stabilization) further supported rejuvenator-dependent rearrangement of packing during equilibration. Overall, MD acts as a mechanistic bridge that interprets experimental SARA/CI/Ic trends and supports design-oriented development of sustainable rejuvenators. © 2026 The Author(s).Öğe Investigation of the Effects of Different Modified Asphalts on Storage Stability(Avestia Publishing, 2024) Furtana-Yalcin, Beyza; Yílmaz, Mehmet; Yalcin, Erkut; Ozdemir, Ahmet MunirIn this study, the storage stability of modified bitumen prepared with bitumen additives styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) and American Gilsonite (AG) was evaluated. For this purpose, modified bitumen was prepared by using different ratios of each additive type. The prepared modified bitumens were subjected to storage stability test according to EN 13399 standard. Penetration, softening point and rotational viscometry tests were performed on the samples subjected to storage stability test. As a result of the penetration and softening point tests of the samples prepared with SBS after storage stability, it was determined that the penetration and softening point values of the samples obtained from the upper part of the tube were higher. This is thought to be due to the accumulation of SBS, which has a lower specific gravity than bitumen, in the upper part of the tube during the storage stability test. Considering the viscosity test results, it was determined that the viscosity values of the modified bitumen samples obtained from the upper part of the tubes were higher than the samples obtained from the lower part of the tubes. © 2024, World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering. All rights reserved.Öğe Investigation on the rheological behaviour and ageing characteristics of crumb rubber and polyurethane blends under dynamic shear conditions(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2025) Kok, Baha Vural; Yalcin, Erkut; Ozdemir, Ahmet Munir; Ozdemir, Nisanur GurcayThis study aims to investigate the effects of the use of crumb rubber (CR) with polyurethane (PU) in bitumen modification on rheological and ageing properties. A novel modified palm-oil-based polyol was reacted with 4,40-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) to synthesise a polyurethane-derived polymer. Multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR), single point and frequency sweep tests were carried out. The analysis of the binders' viscoelastic behaviour was conducted using the Christensen-Anderson (CA) model. The complex viscosity was modelled using the Cross model. The low-temperature behaviour of the binders was determined by the bending beam rheometer (BBR) test, and the mixing-compaction temperatures were determined by the steady shear flow (SSF) method. Compared to single CR modification, the use of 4% PU in combination with 8% CR (8C + 4P) was found to broaden the relaxation spectrum, increase stiffness, improve shear-thinning resistance, and lead to a notable increase in resistance against ageing. Due to the polymeric networks developed in the 8C + 4P binder, it was determined that it exhibits superior elastic properties at high temperatures and also offers improved durability against low-temperature cracks. It was ascertained that the 8C + 4P binder demonstrated superior performance in both low- and high-temperature conditions compared to the 4% SBS modification, while there was no significant difference in terms of production temperatures.Öğe Modelling and optimization of viscoelastic flow behaviour of thermoplastic resin modified asphalt binder in dynamic shear domain(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2025) Yurdakul, Hakan; Ozdemir, Ahmet MunirIn response to the increasing demand for high-temperature durability in asphalt pavements, the modification of asphalt binders using thermoplastic resin (TPR) additives has gained attention due to their aromatic structure, chemical compatibility, and ability to improve rutting resistance. This study investigates the viscoelastic flow behavior and performance optimization of TPR-modified asphalt (TPRMA) binders through a comprehensive experimental and numerical modeling framework. A petroleum-derived thermoplastic resin was incorporated into a 70/100 penetration grade asphalt binder at different ratios (1 %, 3 %, 5 %, 7 %). Rheological characterization was performed using Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) tests under a wide range of temperatures and frequencies. Master curves of complex viscosity were constructed using time-temperature superposition and fitted with Cross and Carreau-Yasuda models. Both models showed excellent agreement with experimental data (R-2>0.99), with 5 % TPR yielding the highest zero-shear viscosity and lowest critical shear rate. In the second phase of the study, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the G*/sin delta parameter, a critical indicator of rutting resistance. RSM model was developed (R-2=0.9922; p < 0.0001), and numerical optimization identified 5.702 % TPR at 64 degrees C as the optimum formulation, producing a predicted G*/sin delta value of 5453.91 Pa. Post-analysis confirmed the statistical reliability of the prediction, with tight confidence and tolerance intervals enclosing the target response. Regression coefficient analysis further emphasized the dominant effects of temperature, TPR content, and their interactions. Overall, the findings highlight that moderate dosages of thermoplastic resin, particularly around 5 %, significantly enhance the high-temperature performance of asphalt binders.Öğe Optimizing high-temperature performance of asphalt binder using aromatic thermoplastic resin derived from petroleum feedstock(Sage Publications Ltd, 2025) Yurdakul, Hakan; Ozdemir, Ahmet MunirThe inherent characteristics of asphalt binder can pose challenges to achieving a flexible pavement with the desired properties. However, these challenges can be addressed through asphalt modification. While numerous additives are available, selecting the most suitable one is crucial due to issues such as cost, storage stability, and homogeneity. This study focused on evaluating the physical and rheological properties of an asphalt binder modified with a hydrocarbon-based thermoplastic resin. The investigation included conventional binder tests and rotational viscometer (RV) analysis, along with an in-depth rheological evaluation of the modified binders using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). Additionally, the thermal properties of the additive were analyzed through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The findings revealed that the modified binders exhibited reduced penetration, elevated softening points, and increased viscosity, all achieved without compromising workability or pumpability. Furthermore, the modification enhanced rutting resistance. Laboratory tests identified 5% as the optimal additive content, which improved the performance grade of the pure binder. Activation energy results derived from the complex viscosity master curves indicated that while the energy required for flow increased with the addition of 5% resin, the elevated viscosity mitigated the temperature sensitivity issue observed in the pure binder.Öğe Rheological investigation and optimization of crumb rubber-modified bitumen production conditions in the plant and laboratory(De Gruyter Poland Sp Z O O, 2025) Kok, Baha Vural; Ozdemir, Ahmet MunirAmong the various bitumen additives, crumb rubber (CR) derived from waste tires stands out due to its economic and environmental advantages. The effectiveness of CR modification is influenced by several factors, including temperature, mixing speed, duration, and particle size. Excessive mixing speed and prolonged mixing in laboratory conditions can lead to the depolymerization of CR, which may adversely affect the elastic properties of the bitumen. In contrast, plant-scale production typically follows a more rapid and simplified process. In this study, bitumen containing 8% CR, modified under plant and laboratory conditions with varying mixing speeds and durations, was rheologically analyzed. Temperature and frequency sweep tests were conducted using a dynamic shear rheometer, and master curves were generated to evaluate the bitumen's viscoelastic behavior through various rheological models. The findings indicate that higher mixing speeds and extended mixing durations in laboratory conditions increase bitumen stiffness; however, excessive mixing leads to depolymerization, thereby reducing its elastic properties. The laboratory-produced CR modification demonstrates significantly superior performance compared to that generated in the plant. Furthermore, response surface methodology optimization analysis results indicate that the ideal conditions for mixing are a speed range of 3,000-4,000 rpm and a duration of 45-60 min.Öğe Rheological Investigation of Bitumens Obtained From Different Refineries Modified With SEBS: Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Analysis(Avestia Publishing, 2025) Yalcin, Erkut; Ozdemir, Ahmet MunirThe durability and performance of hot mix asphalts are highly dependent on the rheological properties of the bitumen. However, the diversity in the composition of crude oil from different regions, combined with the effects of the refining process, leads to significant differences in the properties of bitumen. This shows that modification methods can produce different results for each type of bitumen. Bitumen modification, especially with elastomeric additives, is an effective method to improve the deformation resistance and long-term performance of asphalt pavements. In this study, bituminous binders of penetration class 160/220 were obtained from two different refineries in Turkey-Batman and Iraq-Lanaz. Bitumens were modified with SEBS at different percentages (2,3 and 4%) and their rheological properties were determined by Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) test. The effect of temperature and additive ratios on bitumens of different origin was investigated by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) analysis. The results revealed the importance of bitumen origin and showed that the addition of SEBS significantly increased the rutting strength for both binder types. The RSM analysis revealed that the effect of temperature was higher than that of the additive. © 2025 Avestia Publishing. All rights reserved.Öğe Self-Healing and Mechanical Properties of Aged Hot Mix Asphalt Containing Waste Oil Capsules(Springer Heidelberg, 2025) Erdogan Yamac, Ozge; Yilmaz, Mehmet; Yalcin, Erkut; Ozdemir, Ahmet Munir; Garcia-Hernandez, Alvaro; Kok, Baha VuralHot mix asphalts are known to have a self-healing property and microcracks in the pavement can close to some extent after they occur if they are not subjected to load and if sufficient time is allowed. However, this healing period is prolonged, and the healing rate is not very high. In this study, calcium alginate capsules containing waste vegetable oil and waste mineral oil as rejuvenating agents were produced, and used in asphalt mixtures at four different rates (0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1.0%) by weight. The study aims to develop an environmentally friendly and economically viable repair method by using waste oils. Marshall stability and flow and tensile strength ratio tests were conducted on cylindrical specimens. Additionally, three-point bending test was performed on aged asphalt mixtures to determine the self-healing rates of cracks formed in the specimens. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was conducted on bitumen specimens taken before crack formation and after the healing period to determine the percentage of ruptured capsules in the mixture. The results showed that the addition of capsules containing waste mineral oil and vegetable oil reduced stability values and increased flow values. However, according to the results of the retained Marshall stability test, it was determined that the addition of capsules, especially at a 0.5% ratio, increased resistance to moisture damage. Regarding crack-healing results, it was found that temperature and curing time increased healing rates, and capsules containing waste mineral oil provided higher healing rates compared to those containing waste vegetable oil.Öğe Valorization of biomass-derived magnetic activated carbon from vinasse and grape marc for sustainable bitumen modification(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2025) Ozdemir, Ahmet Munir; Yilmaz, Bahadir; Arslanoglu, HasanAgricultural and food-processing residues represent abundant biomass resources with untapped potential for sustainable material production in the bioenergy sector. Functional renewable materials are obtained by using such residues in high-value applications such as bitumen modification. This study investigates the use of magnetic activated carbon (MAC), synthesized from by-products from bioethanol production (vinasse and grape marc) as a sustainable additive for modifying 160/220 penetration-grade bitumen. The objective is to enhance the rheological performance of bitumen under varying thermal and loading conditions. Modified binders containing 5 %, 10 %, and 15 % MAC were evaluated using dynamic mechanical analysis. Master curves for complex modulus and viscosity were developed using the Christensen-Anderson, Cross, and Carreau-Yasuda models. The results show that MAC incorporation improves elasticity, increases zero-shear viscosity, and enhances resistance to permanent deformation. In particular, it was observed that the addition of 15 % MAC increased the ZSV and G*/sin delta (64 degrees C) values by approximately 35 % and 95 % compared to pure binder, respectively. Rheological index (R) values increased by 38 %. The findings suggest that MAC-modified binders offer a promising solution for improving the performance of bituminous pavements in hot climates. Beyond advancing pavement performance, this work demonstrates a high-value utilization pathway for biomass residues, linking waste valorization to renewable material development within the bioenergy framework.
