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    Comparative analysis of the WISC-IV in a clinical setting: ADHD vs. non-ADHD
    (Elsevier France-Editions Scientifiques Medicales Elsevier, 2021) Unal, D.; Mustafaoğlu Çiçek, Nuray; Cak, T.; Sakarya, G.; Artik, A.; Karaboncuk, Y.
    Background: The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th edition (WISC-IV) is a useful tool for revealing differences in cognitive ability. Using the WISC-IV, the study investigated the intelligence profile of Turkish children diagnosed with ADHD and compared their profile with that of a non-ADHD clinical sample. Method: On the basis of the records of 257 drug-naive patients (6-12 years of age), ADHD (n = 154) and non-ADHD (n = 103) clinical groups were compared with respect to sociodemographic variables and WISC-IV scores. Results: The non-ADHD clinical group had higher full scale, index, and subtest scores, except for their scores in the Comprehension subtest. The scores on Working Memory, Processing Speed Indices, Similarities, and Matrix Reasoning subtests were especially lower in the ADHD group than in the non-ADHD group. The Similarities, Matrix Reasoning, and Digit Span subtests classified 83% of the children as having ADHD and identified 43.7% of the non-ADHD clinical controls. Conclusion: In our study, we found differences in the WISC-IV profiles of the Turkish patients with ADHD. Moreover, the WISC-IV profile of the non-ADHD clinical group was different than that of the ADHD group. More prospective studies with larger groups of ADHD patients and further evaluations of executive function deficits can help clinicians better understand the differences in WISC-IV profiles. (C) 2020 French Society of Pediatrics. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
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    The use of virtual reality (VR) exposure for reducing contamination fear and disgust: Can VR be an effective alternative exposure technique to in vivo?
    (Elsevier, 2020) Inozu, Mujgan; Celikcan, Ufuk; Akin, Burcin; Mustafaoğlu Çiçek, Nuray
    Background and objectives: Virtual reality (VR) has become a new tool in psychological research and application. Although several studies have investigated its triggering and reducing role in anxiety via VR-based exposure and response prevention (VR-ERP) across different psychopathologies, its efficiency in contamination fear and reduction of disgust are yet to be examined. The study contributes to the field by investigating the effectiveness of the VR-ERP on the reduction of anxiety, disgust and urge to wash levels using an experimental design. Methods: A total of 21 non-clinical participants with high contamination fear were randomly assigned to experimental (n = 9) and control (n = 12) groups. The experimental group was exposed to repeated VR-ERP sessions. Results: After a minimum of three VR-ERP sessions, the experimental group scored significantly lower than the control group on the anxiety, disgust, and urge to wash hands scores. Limitations: A small sample size, an analogue sample, and a generic virtual scenario content were potential limitations of the study. Conclusions: The results indicated that the VR-ERP can be an efficient and alternative exposure tool in the reduction of anxiety, disgust, and urge to wash hands. The theoretical and clinical applications of the VR-ERP in the treatment of contamination-based OCD symptoms were discussed in light of our findings.