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Öğe A Preliminary Assessment on the Accessibility of Urban Green Spaces: The Case of Bursa, Yıldırım(Taki Can METİN, 2022) Atanur, Gül; Mirici, Merve Ersoy; Ersöz, Nazlı Deniz; Han, KübraThe irreversible reduction of urban open and green spaces has increased the environmental problems in cities on the one hand, and negatively affected the quality of urban life on the other. Bringing the city and nature together again has become a common concern for the environment-city-focused professions. Green infrastructure systems, one of the approaches put forward with these concerns by increasing the capacity of ecosystem services. Yıldırım, which was examined in this study, is one of the main districts of Bursa in terms of population and area. The lack of green space is intense in Yıldırım. Within the scope of the study, the pedestrian accessibility of green areas in selected 15 neighborhoods around Bursa Technical University was carried out. The results of the study show that while green areas are accessible, the neighborhoods have a critical situation in terms of the amount of green space per capita. It is aimed that the results obtained will constitute a base for studies that will evaluate green areas as an infrastructure element.Öğe Density Mapping of Nasal Fracture: A New Epidemiological Perspective of Nasal Fractures in a Pilot City(2022) Gökgöz, Mert Cemal; Mirici, Merve ErsoyNasal fracture is the most common form of fracture due to maxillofacial trauma. The most common mechanisms of nasal fracture are traffic injuries, physical assault, falls, sports injuries and other causes. In this study, epidemiological data are discussed in relation to the location where the nasal fracture occurred. The aim of this study was to identify nasal fracture cases on the city map and to determine high-risk areas and the reasons, so that precautions can be taken. Material and Methods: The nasal fracture cases which were recorded in this city in the last 20 months were marked on the city map using the Geographic Information System (GIS) method. Results: According to the etiology, 33.66% of the cases were physical assault, 15.53% were falling, 27.19% were sport injuries, 10.75% were traffic injuries and 13.07% were other causes. When the etiological reasons were examined according to gender, in the male patients, physical assault was found to be 43%, traffic injuries 20%, sports injuries 20%, falling 11% and other causes 6%. In the female patients, falling was occured in 34%, physical assault in 27%, traffic injuries in 18%, sports injuries in 17% and other causes in 4%. Conclusion: The mapping of social health problems with GIS helps to provide information about the spatial distribution of diseases and to identify problematic points. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in the literature to show the epidemiological\rand etiological data of nasal fractures on a map.Öğe Environmental Milestones and Ecosystem Services and Economic Origins(KARE PUBL, 2021) Mirici, Merve ErsoyIncreasing population and industrial developments in the last century have caused dramatic effects on ecosystem functions. The fact that the ecosystem resources of the world are limited and the increasing supply and demand for these resources have revealed that natural resources should be investigated in more detail. In this direction, ecosystem good and services have turned into a research field that has been increasing gradually for the last ten years as a landscape, urban and region planning tool. There are many differences and complexities in the system of definition, scope and categories of ecosystem services. In addition to the diversity of definition and categorization, the ecological outputs of ecosystem products and services cannot be transformed into an economic basis. In this case, the ecosystem services studies exhibit an approach that is handle within a narrow scope. This study focuses on ecosystem services from a superficial point of view, rather than nature and indirectly the position of the ecosystem within human-environmental thinking systems. One of the most important driving forces determining this position is the economy. The ecosystem services approach has been shaped by many environmental movements and actions that have taken place in the past rather than being a newly discovered concept. In this context, this study has been carried out to contribute to the lack of literature in the interface of ecological and economic interference with the transformations of ecosystem good and services, changing perspectives, key persons and key events.Öğe Green Infrastructure and Ecosystem Services on Urban Systems(Peyzaj Mimarlığı Eğitim ve Bilim Derneği, 2019) Tülek, Betül; Mirici, Merve ErsoyEcosystem services and green infrastructure, which are important in terms of land use planning in ensuring the sustainability of urban systems, are being used effectively in urban planning studies in many developed countries around the world. Green infrastructure systems are strategically planned networks of natural, semi-natural and cultural areas. Ecosystem services describe the benefits of ecosystem functions to people directly or indirectly. In this study the relationship in green infrastructure and ecosystem services are evaluated, their integration to landscape planning studies in urban scale is discussed and analysed through studies conducted in Turkey and around the world. In this context, the integration of the relationship between green infrastructure and ecosystem services importance with the urban planning studies and policies in terms of conservation and sustainability of natural and cultural landscapes in urban areas, has been emphasized.Öğe İklim değişikliği ekseninde antroposen peyzajlar, Maslow hiyerarşisi ve hedonizm(Bursa Technical University, 2022) Mirici, Merve Ersoy; Han, KübraPeyzajlar, Dünya’nın oluşumundan bu yana sürekli olarak evrim ve değişim göstermektedir. Peyzaj, Türkiye’de ölçeği itibari ile sıklıkla kentsel sistemlerde açık yeşil alanlar ile ilişkilendirilmektedir. Ancak evrimsel ekoloji ve sistem ekolojisi basamaklarına göre heterojen ekosistemlerin bir araya gelerek oluşturduğu peyzajlar çok geniş bölgeleri kapsayan ölçeğe sahiptir. Bu ölçek Avrupa Peyzaj Sözleşmesi (APS)’nde de geçen kır, kent, turizm, sanayi, bozulan alanlar olmak üzere belirgin ve köklü peyzaj dönüşümlerine neden olan antropojen etki ve peyzajlar arasındaki devingen yapıyı oluşturmaktadır. Antropojen etkinin kökenini oluşturan tarımsal devrimi kompanse eden biyosfer, 21. yüzyılda sanayi devriminin oluşturduğu yükü telafi edemeyen bir iklim krizi ile karşı karşıyadır. Ülkelerin bir araya gelerek ortaya koydukları emisyon taahhütleri ‘iklim eylemlerinin politik nafileliği’ altında ezilmektedir. Bunun kökeninde ise demir kanunu olarak geçen ve ülkelerin emisyon azaltımları nedeni ile ekonomik büyümelerinden feragat edememe ikileminin bulunduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Ekonomik yapı, karbon medeniyetlerinin oluşturduğu tüketim alışkanlıkları ile şekillenmektedir. Özellikle karbon temelli ekonomik analizlerde öngörülemeyen ve toplumsal esneklik ile ifade edilen pek çok araştırma konusu insan davranışları ve tüketim alışkanlıklarının değişkenliğine bağlıdır. Buna paralel bir şekilde ekonomik kalkınmasını tamamlayan ülkelerin iklim krizine aldıkları önlemler ve söylemler ile gelişmemiş veya gelişmekte olan ülkelerin iklim eylemleri arasında göz ardı edilemeyecek değişkenlikler söz konusudur. Bu nedenle bu çalışmanın amacı, karbon medeniyetlerini oluşturan toplumsal yapının iklim krizi, Maslow ihtiyaçlar hiyerarşisi ve hedonizm bağlamında irdelenmesidir. Dolayısı ile hem insan ölçeğinde iyi yaşamı (well-being) barındıran peyzajların yönetilmesinde hem de küresel iklim değişikliği bağlamında insan davranışlarının kökenine inmek, iklim krizini bireysel ve kitlesel olarak yönetebilmenin önünü açan bir eğilim sergilemektedir.Öğe Kaybolan Kent ve Doğa İlişkisini Kentsel Açık Yeşil Alanlar Üzerinden Tartışmak: Bursa Yıldırım İlçesi Örneği(2024) Atanur, Gül Sayan; Mirici, Merve Ersoy; Ersöz, Nazlı DenizDünyada ve Türkiye’de yaşanan sosyo-ekonomik süreçler nedeni ile kentler arasında bü- yük nüfus hareketleri yaşanmaktadır. Bu hareketler nüfus artışına bağlı plansız kentleş- meye yol açarak, kentsel çevrelerin hızlı değişimine ve çoğunlukla bozulmasına neden ol- muştur. Kentsel yeşil alanların niteliğini de bu süreç etkilemiştir. Bursa Yıldırım ilçesinde yapılı çevre niteliğini yeşil alanlar üzerinden tartışmayı hedefleyen bu çalışma ile İlçede bulunan toplam 69 mahalle ilçede yer alan yeşil alanlar incelenmiştir. Parklar, CBS tabanına aktarılarak bir envanter oluşturulmuş ve birbirleri ile olan mekânsal ilişkileri değerlendi- rilmiştir. Parkların mahalle içindeki konumsal dağılımları ile mahalle içerisindeki kişi ba- şına düşen yeşil alan miktarları niceliksel olarak ortaya konulmuştur. İlçede bulunan tüm parklar arazi gözlemleri ile değerlendirilmiş ve yerel yönetim ile yapılan iş birliği ile seçilen parklardan bir adedi tasarım stüdyosunda çalışılmıştır. Lisans ve yüksek lisans sınıflarında kent ve yeşil alan ilişkisini tartışmayı hedefleyen çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Buna ek olarak Yıl- dırım ilçesindeki yeşil alanların hizmet alanı analizi oluşturulmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlar yerel yönetimle tartışılmış ve Yıldırım ilçesinde nitelikli bir doğal çevrenin kent parkları bağlamında geliştirilmesi için öneriler geliştirilmiştir.Öğe Simulating the impact of natural disasters on urban development in a sample of earthquake(Springer, 2023) Satir, Onur; Kemec, Serkan; Yeler, Okan; Akin, Anil; Bostan, Pinar; Mirici, Merve ErsoyNatural disasters have been increased in areas, where people live densely, day by day. Istanbul 1999, Van 2011, and Izmir 2020 earthquakes were just some of the tragic events in the near past in Turkiye. The aim of this study was to define Van 2011 earthquakes effects as a sample on urban development by using land use/land cover projecting techniques. In this case, Van urban development (in urban macroform scale) was simulated without Van 2011 earthquakes based on existing urban development using the Cellular Automata Markov Chain (CA-MARKOV) approach for the year 2018. Effects of the earthquake were determined on urban development by comparing modeling results with observed 2018 built up areas. So that significant physical and social driving factors were evaluated including road distance, slope, hillshade, ground stability, and land use ability, and weighting values on urban development were calculated under the influence of the natural disaster. Van urban built up areas were mapped using high-spatial resolution remote sensing instruments such as SPOT, ASTER, RapidEye, and Gokturk 2 satellite dataset for 1988-2002-2011, and 2018 images applying an object-based classification approach (OBC). First of all, the model was validated using 1988, 2002, and 2011 urban development maps. The Kappa accuracy was found to be 0.85, respectively, for the model. Defined urbanization drivers were applied to the 2002-2011 time period to simulate 2018 urban areas without any earthquake. The results indicated that urban areas were affected by earthquakes. If there was no earthquake, urban development to the periphery would be 30% less. Additionally, 10% more built up areas would be constructed on ground sensitive areas, and only 2% of the new constructions would be established on suitable lands. Today this ratio is around 8%. As a result, urban development has been a trend to move from flat land to slight slopes and has been moved away from roads and settlements. It was determined that the spread into the city was accelerated as well as spread toward the periphery due to the earthquake.Öğe Terrestrial carbon dynamics and economic valuation of ecosystem service for land use management in the Mediterranean region(Elsevier, 2024) Mirici, Merve Ersoy; Berberoglu, SuhaLand use change is a significant cause of land degradation, resulting in the removal of carbon and its transfer to the hydrosphere or atmosphere, which can have a detrimental impact on essential ecosystem functions and services. In contrast, rural landscapes offer both ecological and economic benefits to people due to their carbon storage properties. This benefit is often evaluated within the framework of Ecosystem Services (ES). The rural landscapes offer unique structures and ecosystem services. The aim of this study is to provide an economic quantification of carbon storage and sequestration in rural landscapes as an ecosystem service and to introduce carbon-based rural landscape management. The study enables the integration of carbon-based strategies and policies by generating quantitative outputs for landscape plans that have not yet been included in the spatial planning hierarchy. The Upper Seyhan Basin (USB), located on the Eastern Mediterranean coast of Turkiye, was modelled using spatiotemporal and economic valuation approaches to assess terrestrial carbon storage and sequestration in this context. The study modelled and mapped the four main terrestrial carbon storage components in the rural landscape: (i) above-ground biomass, (ii) below-ground biomass, (iii) Soil Organic Carbon (SOC), and (iv) dead organic matter carbon. The future land cover of 2055 was modelled using the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP)-Markov Chain (MC) algorithm based on the Business-As-Usual (BAU) scenario to determine future carbon sequestration. The Social Cost of Carbon (SCC) was estimated for Turkiye using the Regional Integrated Model of Climate and Economy (RICE) to economically model carbon services. In the final stage of the study, modelling outputs, including carbon storage pools/sinks, projected land cover dynamics, and SCC components, were used within the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model to map the carbon dynamics of the rural landscape at the regional level. This paper demonstrates the role of geospatial modelling and proposes a new planning and design logic that considers carbon-based inputs and global climate change in an appropriate format for land management by bridging the interface between earth sciences and spatial planning. The study results indicate that, the rural landscape in the study area provided an ecosystem service of 70,266 TgC carbon in 2014 with a storage value of USD 222,853,170. For the 2014-2025 projection, an estimated 1.042 TgC of carbon sequestration was valued at USD 6,234,137. The 2014-2055 projection estimated 3.185 TgC of carbon sequestration valued at USD 58,745,265.Öğe The Green Deal and Carbon Footprint from Turkey’s Perspective: Is It a Threat? Is It an Opportunity?(Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi, 2022) Mirici, Merve Ersoy; Berberoğlu, SühaThe relationship between economic growth on a global scale and absorption capacity of ecological capacity is possible to be seen in disaster and global climate change. The exemption of economy from ecological laws is a metabolic crack. Therefore, green quest remains relevant because country policies are changeable and global climate change mitigation strategies inch along. The green quest became a powerful weapon not only in the urban and rural landscape but also in economic transformation. The Green Deal as an extension of the Paris Agreement which came to the forefront as an anchor and discourse that aims at dissemination to all political areas of European Union’s (EU) environmental concern. The infrastructure of this discourse is the carbon footprint. The carbon footprint is a measure of the exclusive total amount of carbon dioxide emissions that are directly and indirectly caused by an activity or product. In this study, the place and position of the European Green Consensus in the reality of Turkey has been examined and the background of the carbon footprint, which constitutes the infrastructure of the Green Deal has been revealed. Confusions about carbon footprint calculating have been simplified and a holistic perspective. In this context, the relationship between consensus, pact and green areas, which stand out as green pursuits in EU countries, has been revealed in order to develop new and current perspectives within the scope of combating climate change in Turkey. The European Green Deal which is called the new green revolution can be assessed as a promising opportunity with regards to sustainable ecosystem resources and climate justice for next-generation although it seems like a threat at first glance for the Turkish economy.Öğe YEŞİL ALTYAPI KAVRAMI ÇERÇEVESİNDE BURSA MERKEZ PLANLAMA BÖLGESİ YEŞİL ALAN SİSTEMİNİN BELİRLENMESİ(Peyzaj Mimarlığı Eğitim ve Bilim Derneği, 2020) Atanur, Gül; Mirici, Merve ErsoyYeşil altyapı, kentsel ve kırsal alan nüfusuna doğal ekosistem değerleri ve fonksiyonları aracılığıyla fayda sağlayan yeşil ağ sistemi olarak tanımlanır. Bu doğrultuda yeşil altyapı, yeşil alanlar arasındaki bağlantı esası ile desteklenen bir ağ örüntüsüne dayandığı ifade edilebilir. Bu örüntü toplumun doğal yaşamını destekleyen orman, korunan alan, yaban hayatı, parklar ve rekreasyon alanları, yeşil yollar, tarım alanları, akarsu, sulak alan, hava ve su kaynakları ile doğal ekolojik süreçleri sürdürebilen sistemlerdir. Her geçen gün kentleşmenin arttığı şehirlerde yağmur suyu drenaj problemleri, kentsel ısı adası etkisi, biyoklimatik konfor, hava ve gürültü kirliliği gibi çevresel problemler kentlerdeki yeşil altyapı sistemlerinin ortaya konulması ihtiyacını gündeme getirmektedir. Yeşil altyapı, kent içindeki doğa ve doğal süreçleri iyileştirmeyi hedefleyen bir yaklaşım sunar. Bu yönü ile il, ilçe veya havza gibi farklı idari ve doğal sınırlar ölçeğinde ele alınabilen yeşil altyapı sistemi, özellikle kentsel ölçekte doğal ve yarı-doğal ekosistemi koruyan, doğal süreçlerin devamlılığını sağlayan ve mevcut durumunu iyileştiren işlevsel bir bakış açısı sunar. Bu çalışmanın amacı Bursa kent merkezi yeşil altyapı sisteminin oluşturulabilmesi için mevcut yeşil alan bağlantı sisteminin ortaya konulmasıdır. Çalışma alanı; Bursa Kenti Merkez Planlama Bölgesi’nde yer alan Nilüfer, Osmangazi, Yıldırım, Gürsu ve Kestel ilçeleridir. Çalışmada 19 Ağustos 2019 tarihli Sentinel-2B uydu görüntüsünden yararlanılarak Arazi Örtüsü/Arazi Kullanımı (AÖ/AK) haritası üretilmiştir. Buna ek olarak Bursa Büyükşehir Belediyesi’nden temin edilen 1/25000 ve 1/5000 ölçekli Nazım İmar Planları kullanılarak park ve rekreasyon alanları, orman, ağaçlandırma, tarım ve yerleşim alanlarının konumsal dağılımı Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) yardımı ile haritalandırılmıştır. Nazım imar planı ve AÖ/AK sınıflandırma haritasına ait iki farklı kaynak kullanılarak özellikle yeşil alan sistemi hakkında bilgi veren park ve rekreasyon alanlarının alansal büyüklükleri karşılaştırılmış ve aradaki fark ortaya konulmuştur. Bu doğrultuda nazım imar planlarında hedeflenen yeşil alan sisteminin mevcut durumu yeterliliği ve AÖ/AK haritası ile sorgulanması sağlanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda Bursa Kenti için yeşil altyapı kurgusunun temel düzeyde ortaya konulması sağlanarak Bursa yeşil altyapı sisteminin geliştirilebilmesi için temel bir gösterge elde edilmiştir.
