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Öğe Brass alloys improved with antimony additives for gamma-ray shielding applications(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2026) Levet, Aytac; Kaur, Parminder; Kahruman, Cem; Thakur, Sonika; Buyukyildiz, MehmetIn the present research, brass alloys (Cu-63, Zn-37) have been modified with antimony content ranging from 0 to 5 % to enhance their radiation resistance. Comprehensive analyses were conducted to evaluate the effects of antimony doping on both the microstructural and radiation attenuation characteristics of these alloys. Phase diagrams and microstructural analysis revealed dendritic structures and Sb accumulation at grain boundaries at higher concentrations. The crucial radiation shielding parameters, including mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), effective atomic number (Zeff), effective electron density (Neff), half-value layer (HVL), and mean free path (MFP), were investigated both experimentally and theoretically across photon energies ranging from 81 to 383.9 keV. Results show that increasing antimony content enhances radiation absorption, with the 5 % Sb alloy demonstrating the highest shielding effectiveness. The MAC of the A6 brass alloy containing 5 % Sb showed a 15.5 % increase relative to the standard A1 brass alloy at 81 keV. These findings suggest that antimony-doped brass alloys can serve as effective, non-toxic alternatives for radiation shielding in nuclear, medical, and industrial applications.Öğe Gamma-ray attenuation properties of some heavy metal ferroalloys for potential applications(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2024) Buyukyildiz, Mehmet; Thakur, Sonika; Levet, Aytac; Kaur, ParminderIn the present study, ferro manganese (HC), ferro chromium (MC), ferro silicon zirconium (FeSiZr), ferro silicon manganese (FeSiMn) and ferro silicon (FeSi 65%) ferroalloys have been investigated for nuclear radiation attenuation properties. For this aim, linear attenuation coefficients (LAC) were measured using Lambert-Beer law for transmission of the gamma rays at 81, 356, 661, 1173 and 1332 keV photon energies emitted from 133Ba, 137Cs and 60Co radioactive sources to irradiate the ferroalloys. The mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), halfvalue layer (HVL), tenth-value layer (TVL), and mean free path (MFP) of ferroalloys were then determined using LACs in the same photon energies. Effective atomic numbers (Zeff) of ferroalloys were also obtained using total atomic cross-sections (sigma a) calculated from MACs in the same photon energies. HC ferroalloy was found the best radiation shielding material due to the lower MFP and higher MAC values at the interested gamma ray energies at transmission geometry. The ferroalloys were also compared with some standard radiation shielding concretes. It was concluded that the ferroalloys showed better radiation shielding characteristics on behalf of MFP values at 356 keV photon energy. The studied ferroalloys have better MFPs between 2.91% (for FeSi 65%) and 66.81% (for HC) differences than standard concretes.Öğe Investigation of radiological properties and water equivalence of polymer gel dosimeters in the energy range 0.1-10 keV(Korean Nuclear Soc, 2025) Levet, Aytac; Thakur, Sonika; Kaur, Parminder; Rafiei, Mustafa Mohammad; Parsaei, Sara; Buyukyildiz, MehmetThe interaction parameters of radiation with matter are crucial for accurately determining radiation doses in diagnostic and treatment. This study examined the radiological features of normoxic polymer gels used to measure radiation doses. The mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), mass energy-absorption coefficient (MEAC), effective atomic number (Zeff), half value layer (HVL) and mean free path (MFP) for these samples were determined in the energy range of 0.1 keV-10 keV. Zeff was established using direct and interpolation methods. The largest discrepancy for Zeff between the methods was observed for water, with a 48 % difference in the energy range of 0.3 keV-0.5 keV. MACs of the samples were compared with Monte Carlo simulation results based on FLUKA 4-3.1 code. MAC results obtained with simulation showed good agreement with Hubbell, and the maximum and minimum differences between them were seen in the FAT sample as 8.31 % and 0.08 %, respectively. Additionally, dose rate, gamma constant, and air kerma values were calculated using mass energy absorption coefficients for all samples and their water equivalence was evaluated in the relevant energy range. It was observed that the samples with radiological water equivalence and air kerma values close to 1 were PAGAT, MAGIC, MAGAS, and MAGAT.Öğe Klein-Nishina cross-sections and radiation interaction coefficients of human organs and dosimetric materials for diagnostic and radiation dosimetry applications(Springer Heidelberg, 2025) Levet, Aytac; Dag, Huseyin; Al-Buriahi, Mohammed Sultan; Buyukyildiz, MehmetX-ray and gamma-ray have been frequently used worldwide for different aims such as scans, diagnostic, and therapeutic applications. While these processes occur for the aims, people unintentionally receive various doses of these rays which are highly energetic. Thus, electronic and energy transfer cross-sections, Compton mass attenuation coefficients, Compton mass energy transfer coefficients (CMETC) according to effective charges and charge to atomic weight ratios should be investigated for our health especially organs or dosimetric materials. In the present study, these parameters have been studied using Klein-Nishina approach in the wide energy region. The cross-sections have been firstly calculated in the photon energies. The investigated parameters of the materials have been then determined using the relevant cross-sections and effective atomic numbers in the same energy range. The results were compared with each other and some possible results from the literature. A good agreement was observed for electronic and energy transfer cross-sections (Diff. <= 0.16%). In addition, a comparison with the literature was conducted for possible materials at certain photon energies, and maximum difference (%) in soft tissue was observed up to around 33.61% for CMETCs. The reported data should be useful using the gamma rays in medicine and dosimetry applications.Öğe Radiation attenuation characterization of some biological samples by using the Klein-Nishina formula(Springer Heidelberg, 2024) Levet, Aytac; Buyukyildiz, MehmetRadiation has beneficial applications in medicine and nuclear sciences, but it can also be harmful due to its ionizing properties. So, radiation usage has a significant role in different research fields. In the present study, the Klein-Nishina (K-N) approach was used to evaluate the electronic and energy-transfer cross sections of Water, bone, adipose, soft, long, breast, brain and skin tissues. Compton mass attenuation coefficients (CMAC) and Compton mass energy transfer coefficients (CMACtr) were determined in the energy range 0.284-15 MeV. Different methods, based on the effective charge, were used to determine the parameters of the materials for the energy range. The cross sections were firstly calculated for elements that made up the materials. The investigated parameters of the materials were then determined using the relevant cross sections in the energy range. The results were compared with each other and some possible results from the literature. Klein-Nishina electronic cross sections, Compton mass attenuation coefficients and Compton mass energy transfer coefficients of the studied materials were decreased with increasing gamma-ray energy like the elements. A good agreement was observed for CMACs and CMACtrs based on Z eff1/A and Z eff3/A (Diff. <= 16.4%) for Bone Compact. In addition, a comparison with the literature was done for CaCO3 in CMAC for some photon energies. The maximum difference (%) between used methods and literature was observed as <= 19.0%. The reported data should be useful using the gamma rays in Compton scattering energy region.
