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    An interval type-2 fuzzy ELECTRE approach for assessing ballast water treatment systems for ships
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Bashan, Veysi; Demirel, Hakan; Kaya, Ahmet
    The transportation of dangerous aquatic organisms and pathogens in ballast tanks causes problems on a global scale and therefore, The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has put into force the “International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Waters and Sediments”. There are many ballast water treatment systems (BWTS) available in the market. The most important issue in the integration of the systems to the ships is to have technical information about the available options and to determine the most suitable solution for the ship among these alternatives. For this, the interested parties need to make an appropriate choice by knowing the features, advantages, and disadvantages of the BWTSs. The main aim of this article is to assess the five types of BWTS technologies that are frequently used and to make an optimum choice by consulting the opinions of experts in the sector. In this context, this study used the fuzzy ELECTRE (ELimination Et Choix Traduisant la REalite’) method and proposed a novel approach for handling BWTS selection based upon interval type-2 fuzzy sets. It has been evaluated that a hybrid system in which filtration + ultrasound + ultraviolet (UV) systems can be used together would be more appropriate. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
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    Operation cost analysis of UV-based ballast water treatment system used on a bulk carrier ship
    ([TR] Mehmet Sinan Bilgili, 2022) Başhan, Veysi; Kaya, Ahmet
    According to IMO rules, when a new machine system needs to be integrated into the ship, it is required to have low fuel consumption in terms of energy efficiency and emissions. The same is true for ballast treatment. Many different types of ballast water treatment systems (BWTS) are available on the marine market. Ship operators want to choose BWTS that will consume minimum fuel and operate at maximum efficiency. Therefore, in this study, fuel consumption under both IMO and USCG conditions, and hence the operational cost, is calculated if the UV-based BWTS system is integrated into a bulk carrier ship. As a result, the highest cost is $9773 when the most expensive fuel, MGO, is used and operation is performed with a single ballast pump. In USCG mode, the minimum cost is $6382 and the maximum cost is $18929 under the same conditions. It is seen that if the fuel price increases to 1.4 $/kg, the cost of using BWTS in IMO mode can increase to $11392, and if it drops to 0.3 $/kg, the cost of using BWTS in IMO mode can decrease to $1826. It is seen that the highest cost can go up to $22066 and the lowest cost can go down to $3983, with the change of fuel prices in the use of BWTS in USCG mode. With the resulting formulation, with the power consumption of the BWTS and the diesel generator shop trail test fuel consumption values, researchers or shipping companies can repeat the calculations for all kinds of different fuels and different amounts of ultraviolet (UV) chambers for variable ballast operations with different ballast tank capacities. Consequently, it is thought that this study is useful in determining the additional operational cost of UV-based BWTSs.