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    Antibacterial activity of combination of synthetic and biopolymer non-woven structures
    (Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2015) Bhullar, Sukhwinder Kaur; Özsel Kaya, Burçak; Yadav, R.; Kaur, G.; Chintamaneni, M.; Buttar, H.S.
    Background: Fibrous structures and synthetic polymer blends offer potential usages in making biomedical devices, textiles used in medical practices, food packaging, tissue engineering, environmental applications and biomedical arena. These products are also excellent candidates for building scaffolds to grow stem cells for implantation, to make tissue engineering grafts, to make stents to open up blood vessels caused by atherosclerosis or narrowed by blood clots, for drug delivery systems for micro- to nano-medicines, for transdermal patches, and for healing of wounds and burn care. The current study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of woven and non-woven forms of nano- and macro-scale blended polymers having biocompatible and biodegradable characteristics. Methods: The antimicrobial activity of non-woven fibrous structures created with the combination of synthetic and biopolymer was assessed using Gram-negative, Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter aerogenes using pour plate method. Structural evaluation of the fabricated samples was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results: Broad spectrum antibacterial activities were found from the tested materials consisting of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with chitosan and nylon-6 combined with chitosan and formic acid. Conclusions: The combination of PVA with chitosan was more bactericidal or bacteriostatic than that of nylon-6 combined with chitosan and formic acid. PVA combination with chitosan appears to be a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent. © 2015 by De Gruyter 2015.
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    A comparative study of the antibacterial activity of rosemary extract blended with polymeric biomaterials
    (American Scientific Publishers, 2016) Bhullar, Sukhwinder Kaur; Rana, D.; Özsel Kaya, Burçak; Yadav, R.; Kaur, G.; Chintamaneni, M.; Buttar, H.S.
    Infection associated with biomaterials is a serious and widespread problem in clinical and translational medicine. Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) is a medicinal herb widely used as an antimicrobial agent. The objective of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of rosemary extract blended with synthetic and naturally-derived polymeric biomaterials. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was choosen as a synthetic polymer and chitosan was choosen as a naturally-derived polymer as they are widely used as biomaterials for tissue engineering and drug delivery. The rosemary extract was prepared by maceration extraction method, the polymer membranes were prepared by solvent casting method and the antibacterial activity was done using Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains by pour plate method. The results of this study revealed that the antibacterial activity of rosemary extract increases against both the strains (Gram ?ve and Gram +ve) when blended with synthetic polymer PVA, whereas the activity decreased when combined with PVA-chitosan. It appears that tight binding of chitosan with rosemary extract reduces the antibacterial action of chitosan. Based on this finding, it may be suggested that the rosemary extract may be used as a natural antibacterial agent to treat bactericidal infections associated with the biomaterials. © Copyright 2016 American Scientific Publishers.
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    Health care burden of cardiorespiratory diseases caused by particulate matter and chemical air pollutants
    (Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2017) Invally, M.; Kaur, G.; Kaur, G.; Bhullar, Sukhwinder Kaur; Buttar, H.S.
    The public health care burden of cardiorespiratory diseases (CRDs) caused by chemical air pollutants (CO, O3, SO2, CS2, NO2 ) and particulate matter (PM) has escalated during the past few decades in developing countries throughout the world, including India. Air pollution-related CRDs are most often observed in urban areas which have increasing vehicular traffic and population congestion combined with urban sprawl and heavy industry. The high occurrence of both acute and chronic obstructive respiratory disorders (COPD), lung cancer, cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are linked with the adverse effects of air pollution and cigarette smoking. Several experimental, clinical and epidemiological studies have demonstrated increased risk of CRD events after both short-and long-term exposure to inhaled particulate matter (PM > 2.5 ?m) found in the air. The fine and ultrafine aerodynamic PM is especially responsible for causing most severe CRDs due to its capacity to transport toxic substances deep into the lower airways. Children and elderly individuals are more prone to adverse health effects of airborne toxicants and often require emergency visits and hospitalization. Chemical air pollution and particulate matter generated by biomass burning, forest fires, automobile exhaust, coal and gas-powered industries is considered a serious health hazard problem worldwide. This universal issue has recently received considerable attention from the medical community, environmental activists, environment protection regulators and law makers. The objectives of this review article are to ponder and reflect on the occurrence and underlying mechanisms of CRDs and COPD caused by chemical air pollutants, airborne micro-and nanoparticles, as well as health care costs of CRDs/COPD in India and globally. © 2018, Nova Science Publishers, Inc.. All rights reserved.