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    Antioxidant and Textural Properties and Aroma and Fatty Acid Profile of Meatless Cig Kofte, a Special Food in Turkey, Produced by Industrial Processing
    (Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2016) Ozturk, I.; Karaman, S.; Tastemur, B.; Tornuk, F.; Sagdic, O.; Kayacıer, Ahmed
    In this study, 10 cig kofte samples collected from different producers were analyzed. Dry matter, pH and water activity values were in the range of 34.13-53.40%, 4.67-5.03 and 0.934-0.967, respectively. Major fatty acids were determined to be oleic and linoleic acid, and the samples showed similar fatty acid profiles. Linoleic acid was the most abundant fatty acid and its level was in the range of 0.94-54.13% in the samples. Textural parameter magnitudes of the samples, except for one, were determined to be close to each other. A total of 44 volatile compounds were determined in the samples and the major ones were limonene and gamma terpinene. Total phenolic contents of the samples were determined to be in the range of 56-132.1mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry extract. In conclusion, variable properties were observed in the retailed meatless cig kofte samples sold in Turkey. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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    Barley flour addition decreases the oil uptake of wheat chips during frying
    (Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2015) Yuksel, F.; Karaman, S.; Kayacıer, Ahmed
    In the present study, wheat chips enriched with barley flour at different concentrations (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30%) were produced and some physicochemical and textural properties, fatty acid composition and sensory quality of enriched chips were investigated. An increase in the values of some physicochemical parameters of wheat chips, namely hardness, dry matter, ash and some fatty acids levels, was observed with the increasing barley flour concentration in the formulation. Barley flour addition provided a significant oil uptake reduction as the oil content of the control sample was 27.23% while that of the enriched samples with 30% barley flour was 18.21%. Overall acceptability of wheat chips added with no barley flour samples was determined to be similar to compared to enriched ones. But addition of barley flour higher than 10% caused a decrease in sensory scores of the final products.
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    Change in major fatty acid composition of vegetable oil depending on phenolic incorporation and storage period
    (Codon Publications, 2016) Toker, O. S.; Ozturk, I.; Karaman, S.; Yalcin, H.; Kayacıer, Ahmed; Dogan, M.
    In the present study, response surface methodology was conducted for the determination of effects of some phenolics (gallic acid, ellagic acid and quercetin) on the major fatty acid composition of vegetable oil prepared by mixing of sunflower and hazelnut oil (50:50, v/v) during storage at a constant temperature (50 degrees C). In this respect, major fatty acid composition (palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acid) of vegetable oil was determined. Predictive regression equations were constructed for the estimation of each studied parameter (R-2>0.735). Storage period caused a significant increase in palmitic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid content of oil while it caused a decrease in the linoleic acid content of the oil (P<0.01) because of the reactions that occurred in the structure of the oil during storage. In general, gallic acid and quercetin were found to be effective on the preservation of oil against oxidation and addition of gallic acid that retarded the change of major fatty acids composition due to oxidation. Multiple response optimisation was performed by considering the change in all major fatty acids simultaneously. According to the results, addition of ellagic acid, gallic acid and quercetin at the concentrations of 20, 46.7 and 33.3%, respectively, in a phenolic mixture (0.1 g) to the oil sample is convenient for decreasing oxidation.
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    Effect of apple fibre on textural and relaxation properties of wheat chips dough
    (Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2016) Karaman, S.; Yilmaz, M. T.; Toker, O. S.; Yuksel, F.; Kayacıer, Ahmed; Dogan, M.
    In this study, the effect of apple fibre with different levels of fibres (5, 10, 15 and 20%) was investigated on viscoelastic nature and the textural properties of wheat chips dough using stress relaxation test and texture profile analysis. Apple fibre addition changed the stress relaxation properties of wheat dough, depending on fibre concentration. Increase in the fibre concentration increased resistance of the dough samples to the deformation by increasing their elasticity. Hardness and gumminess values increased while springiness, cohesiveness and resilience values decreased as apple fibre level increased. Significant correlations were found between stress relaxation and texture profile analysis parameters. In order to describe the effect of apple fibre on the viscoelastic properties of wheat dough, generalised Maxwell, Nussinovitch and Peleg models were fitted to experimental stress relaxation data. All three models were found to be efficient in describing the stress-relaxation behaviour of wheat dough; but, the Maxwell model was the most effective. In addition, power-law and exponential functions were successfully used to describe the effect of apple fibre concentration on the constants related with stress relaxation data and textural parameters.