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    Bacterial cellulose as a next-generation membrane material for selective transport: properties, fabrication, and applications
    (Springer, 2026) Calhan, Aslihan; Hasanoglu, Ayca
    Bacterial cellulose (BC) is an emerging, sustainable biomaterial that distinguishes itself from plant-derived cellulose by being free from lignin and hemicellulose and its ability to be synthesized from various organic waste sources. The eco-friendly production and high design flexibility make BC a promising material for advanced membrane technologies. Through careful control of its production conditions and physical or chemical modifications, BC's structural and functional properties can be tailored for diverse applications. Current limitations of bacterial cellulose applications include its high production costs, limited mechanical strength for some particular applications and susceptibility to microbial contamination. This review provides a comprehensive overview of BC as a next-generation membrane material for selective transport, covering its synthesis, modification strategies, and application-specific design. Emphasis is placed on BC's role in fields where controlled mass transfer is critical, such as drug delivery, food packaging, wastewater treatment, and filtration systems. For each domain, the mechanisms of transport across the BC membrane are discussed, focusing on the types of phases involved (gas, liquid, or solid) and the nature of the components being selectively transferred. The review classifies BC membranes according to application sectors and highlights their performance in facilitating selective transport through mechanisms such as adsorption, permeability, and diffusion. By examining recent research trends and innovations, this study emphasizes the versatility and adaptability of bacterial cellulose in both conventional and emerging membrane technologies, contributing to its broader integration into sustainable and functional material systems.
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    Evaluation of Process Conditions and Food Quality in Carob Molasses Production by Osmotic Distillation
    (Springer, 2025) Tan, Esranur; Hasanoglu, Ayca; Oral, Rasim Alper
    Carob fruit, rich in nutrients and beneficial for treating chronic gastrointestinal diseases, is typically consumed as a concentrated extract. However, conventional methods to process it in a concentrated form can alter its food quality due to the employment of high temperatures. In this work, carob molasses is produced by osmotic membrane distillation utilizing a hydrophobic hollow fiber membrane contactor. Carob extract of 12 degrees Brix obtained by ultrasonication at 25 degrees C was employed as the feed solution while 4 M of CaCl2 solution was used as the draw solution. The impacts of process temperature and the feed and draw solution flowrates on transmembrane flux in osmotic distillation were investigated. The highest water flux value was 378.7 g m-2 h-1. The study compared osmotic distillation with thermal and vacuum evaporation methods in terms of physicochemical properties, color, antioxidant and phenolic activity, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) kinetics of the products obtained by each of said methods. The carob juice was concentrated to approximately 63 degrees Brix from 12 degrees Brix by each method. The products obtained by osmotic distillation contained higher phenolic (498.64 mg GAE/100 g) and antioxidant activity (434.05 mg TE/100 g) than the ones obtained by other methods. Furthermore, osmotic distillation avoided HMF formation. This research is a pioneer study on carob concentration using osmotic distillation. The study revealed key insights into extraction and optimization techniques and into the adaptability of osmotic distillation systems for obtaining food extracts. The experimental results show that with further research and technological advances, these systems could significantly impact the food industry.
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    Removal of acetic acid from aqueous post-fermentation streams and fermented beverages using membrane contactors
    (Wiley, 2022) Kaya, Ezgi; Hasanoglu, Ayca
    BACKGROUND: The removal of volatile organic acids from aqueous post-fermentation wastewater streams and spoiled fermented liquid food was investigated using hollow-fiber membrane contactors. Acetic acid, being the most common volatile acid in post-fermentation products, was used to prepare acidic feed solutions. 1200-4000 ppm of aqueous acetic acid solutions with and without ethanol were prepared to assess the acid removal. Aqueous acetic acid solutions were used as model wastewater, while ethanol was included in the feed solutions to simulate the fermented beverages. Furthermore, the experiments were carried out using real spoiled wine to remove the excess acid. The feed solution was circulated through the shell side of the membrane contactor, while a reactive stripping solution of NaOH was circulated on the lumen side. Thus the acetic acid was transferred to the stripping solution by chemical absorption. RESULTS: The effect of several process parameters including feed and stripping solution concentrations, temperature and solution flow rates on acid removal rate was investigated. Temperature had the most important effect on mass transfer. Experiments showed that acetic acid can be removed from aqueous solutions and recovered in the stripping phase efficiently. Up to 86% of the acetic acid could be removed from the feed solution. CONCLUSION: This process is found to be effective for volatile organic acid removal from both industrial aqueous post-fermentation waste streams and spoiled fermented liquid food. The theoretical model developed for the acetic acid transfer allows a flexible and predictable design of the system for further scale-up studies. (c) 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).