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    A Comparison of Two Felling Techniques Considering Stump-Height-Related Timber Value Loss
    (Zagreb Univ, Fac Forestry, 2023) Gulci, Nese; Gulci, Sercan; Akay, Abdullah E.; Sessions, John
    Harvest from plantations can provide both industrial wood and forest residues for bioenergy, including stumps. The literature suggests that the choice of cutting system can affect the division between industrial wood recovery and remaining stump volume. In this study, two felling techniques - motor-manual chainsaw and feller-buncher, were compared based on stump-height-related timber value loss for four ground slope classes: high, medium, low, and flat. The economic value loss of wood material for three products - sawlogs, pulpwood, and fiber-chip wood, was determined based on the estimated volume of stumps left in the woods. The results indicated that the average stump height for the motor-manual chainsaw and feller-buncher was 17.16 cm and 8.69 cm. The economic value loss of wood material per stump was higher in felling by manual chainsaw as compared to the feller-buncher operation (log: (sic)0.60 up arrow, paper wood: (sic)0.29 up arrow, fiber-chip: (sic)0.15 up arrow). However, volume loss due to high stumps could contribute to wood for bioenergy if stumps are subsequently removed. Additional research is needed to evaluate the benefits and costs of stump removal for bioenergy as part of a total supply chain to provide both industrial wood and wood for bioenergy.
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    ASSESSMENT OF THE ROAD IMPACTS ON CONIFEROUS SPECIES WITHIN THE ROAD-EFFECT ZONE USING NDVI ANALYSIS APPROACH
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2017) Gulci, Sercan; Akay, Abdullah Emin; Oguz, Hakan; Gulci, Nese
    Remote sensing (RS) techniques and Geographical information system (GIS) applications, which provide more economical and time saving methods than ground-based measurements, have been widely used for earth observation and environmental assessments. Thus, consider Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) images, the present and past conditions of the coniferous species and land change that are within 100 meters away from the road alignment were evaluated to explain the changes in the road effect zone. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) obtained from Landsat images of the years between 2000 and 2015 were performed by using thresholds to estimate temporal and spatial changes of the coniferous species. The value of thresholds (0.45
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    Evaluation of Automatic Prediction of Small Horizontal Curve Attributes of Mountain Roads in GIS Environments
    (Mdpi, 2022) Gulci, Sercan; Acar, Hafiz Hulusi; Akay, Abdullah E.; Gulci, Nese
    Road curve attributes can be determined by using Geographic Information System (GIS) to be used in road vehicle traffic safety and planning studies. This study involves analyzing the GIS-based estimation accuracy in the length, radius and the number of small horizontal road curves on a two-lane rural road and a forest road. The prediction success of horizontal curve attributes was investigated using digitized raw and generalized/simplified road segments. Two different roads were examined, involving 20 test groups and two control groups, using 22 datasets obtained from digitized and surveyed roads based on satellite imagery, GIS estimates, and field measurements. Confusion matrix tables were also used to evaluate the prediction accuracy of horizontal curve geometry. F-score, Mathews Correlation Coefficient, Bookmaker Informedness and Balanced Accuracy were used to investigate the performance of test groups. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze the statistical relationships between the data. Compared to the Bezier generalization algorithm, the Douglas-Peucker algorithm showed the most accurate horizontal curve predictions at generalization tolerances of 0.8 m and 1 m. The results show that the generalization tolerance level contributes to the prediction accuracy of the number, curve radius, and length of the horizontal curves, which vary with the tolerance value. Thus, this study underlined the importance of calculating generalizations and tolerances following a manual road digitization.
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    Evaluation of eco-friendly soil slope stabilization techniques for forest roads by using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
    (Keai Publishing Ltd, 2025) Yuksel, Kivanc; Gulci, Nese; Akay, Abdullah Emin; Gulci, Sercan
    In this study, the effectiveness of different stabilization techniques implemented on the forest road cut slopes was investigated in terms of controlling erosion and runoff. Wood production residues, hydro-seeding, and jute geotextile treatments were applied on study plots located on the example road. The amount of erosion and runoff were measured on the study plots which were established for different slope grades of 20 degrees, 30 degrees, and 40 degrees. Then, the amount of erosion and runoff measured from the plots were compared to determine the performance of stabilization techniques on the cut slope. In the solution process, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model, which is one of the machine learning algorithms, was used to predict sediment yield from forest road cut slopes. The sediment yields averaged over the three slope grades from highest to lowest were measured as 6.41, 1.16, 0.65, and 0.45 g/m2 in the control plot with no treatment, jute geotextile, hydroseeding, and wood production residues, respectively. The averaged over the three runoff amounts slope grades from the highest to the lowest were determined as 6.82, 3.71, 1.64, and 1.30 mm/m2 in control the plot, jute geotextile, hydroseeding, and wood production residues, respectively. Comparing to the control plot, wood production residues, hydroseeding, and jute geotextile treatments reduced the sediment yields by 14,10, and 5 times, respectively. On the other hand, wood production residues, hydroseeding, and jute geotextile applications reduced the runoff amount by 5, 4, and 2 times, respectively. As a result, it was found that wood production residues and hydroseeding treatment can be more efficient in reducing the amount of runoff and sediment yield compared to the jute geotextile treatment. The ANN method achieved high accuracy in predicting sediment yield and it was concluded that the ANN can be used as an effective method to evaluate soil slope stabilization techniques. (c) 2025 International Research and Training Centre on Erosion and Sedimentation. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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    Investigation of timber harvesting operations using chainsaw considering productivity and residual stand damage: The Case of Bahce Forest Enterprise Chief
    (Istanbul Univ, 2016) Gulci, Nese; Akay, Abdullah Emin; Erdas, Orhan
    Timber harvesting activities are often performed in difficult conditions caused by the mountainous terrain conditions in Turkey. One of the most difficult and dangerous stages of the timber harvesting activities are felling, delimbing, and bucking stages. In some of the European countries with intensive forestry activities, felling, delimbing and bucking stages of timber harvesting are performed with harvesting machines (i.e. harvester, feller-buncher) while these processes are mostly performed with chainsaw in Turkey. The chainsaw operations which are not properly planned and implemented may results in considerable amount of time and productivity losses and environmental damages. At the same time, the risk of work accidents increases during the felling activities. Thus, it is very important to investigate productivity and residual stand damage of chainsaw operations. In this study, harvesting activities using chainsaw were evaluated in terms of productivity and environmental aspects. The field studies were conducted in Brutian Pine stands within Bahce Forest Enterprise Chief of Osmaniye Forest Enterprise Directorate, located in Adana Forest Regional Directorate. Average productivity and timber volume were calculated as 4.06 m(3)/ hr and 0.30 m(3), respectively, and productivity increased as the amount of timber production increased. The results indicated that total number of injured trees as a result of felling operation was 43 in which 13 injuries were on live wood while 30 injuries were on tree barks. It was found that sapwood and bark injuries occurred at the top of the trees during felling activities due to tree hang ups.
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    Optimal planning of timber extraction methods using analytic hierarchy process
    (Springer, 2020) Gulci, Nese; Akay, Abdullah Emin; Erdas, Orhan
    Timber extraction is one of the most difficult work stages of forest operations in Turkey. Inappropriately, planned timber extraction operations can be very time-consuming activities and may also cause serious damage to residual trees, saplings, and forest soil. Thus, an optimal timber extraction method should be determined considering both economic and ecological constraints. In this study, commonly implemented timber extraction methods including chute system, portable winch, and farm tractor were evaluated with respect to their productivity and potential damages on residual trees. In the solution process, one of the well-known multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) techniques, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), was used to determine optimal timber extraction planning of priority scenarios. Specific timber extraction methods were identified and evaluated based on slope, volume, and distance criteria. A total of five priority scenarios were examined: (1) optimal extraction with the highest productivity, (2) optimal extraction with the lowest stand damage, (3) productivity and stand damage receive equal importance, (4) productivity is more important than stand damage, and (5) stand damage is more important than productivity. The AHP results indicated that the optimal timber extraction method was the farm tractor winching with 30 m skidding distance in Scenario I. On the other hand, the portable winch with 20 m skidding distance was found to be the optimal method with the least stand damage. In Scenario III, the portable winch, with an average skidding distance of 40 m, was found to be the most suitable extraction method. The overall results indicated that implementing MCDA techniques for optimal planning of timber extraction will help provide important contributions to conduct economic, environmental, and site-specific operations during logging stages.
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    PRODUCTIVITY ASSESSMENT OF ALTERNATIVE TIMBER DEBARKING METHODS
    (Croatian Forestry Soc, 2017) Gulci, Nese; Akay, Abdullah Emin; Erdas, Orhan
    In Turkey, timber debarking stages are generally carried out by using axes. However, this method takes a lot of time and requires more work forces. In addition, since leaving residual trees with bark in stands increases the risk of insect damages, residual trees require quick barking process. In recent years, chainsaw mounted debarking tools have been widely used in debarking stages due to performing jobs quicker with less labor force. In this study, two different debarking methods including using axes and debarking tool were analyzed by considering operation productivity. The field studies were conducted in Brutian Pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) stand located in Bahce Forest Enterprise Chief of Osmaniye Forest Enterprise Directorate in Adana Regional Forestry Directorate. As a result of study, the productivity of chainsaw mounted debarking tool was found to be five times higher than that of using axes for debarking. Thus, use of chainsaw mounted debarking tool is better alternative than use of axe in debarking activities, as it takes less time and minimize physical work load of the loggers.