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    A Reading on Critical Regionalism in the Northern Aegean Residential Architecture: Analysis of Ancient Troy, Traditional Ayvacik Houses and SM House
    (Yildiz Technical Univ, Fac Architecture, 2020) Gümüş, İmran; Polatoglu, Cigdem
    This study aims to investigate how the concept of critical regionalism can be instrumentalized in deciphering architectural continuity. The aim of the study is to demonstrate the dialogue that SM House has established with its geography by employing the critical regionalism approach. The main objective is to use critical regionalism to analyze SM House compared to other housing typologies in its geographical region and to reveal the relationship between the modern house and traditional and ancient houses. Visual and syntactic analyses of SM House and other houses from different times, including the ancient and traditional periods, were carried out in order to examine the concept of architectural continuity in the Northern Aegean and to evaluate the claim that SM House is a representative of local modernism. The visual analysis included analyses of plans, facades, and photographs. This method of analysis has been used to interpret spatial relations, materials, and construction techniques. Justified permeability graphs (gamma analysis) were used in space syntax analyses and have contributed to interpreting the social and cultural effects of spatial relationships. Real relative asymmetry (RRA), integration, visual integration, depth, and compactness values were used to interpret the possibilities of spatial experience and socialization offered by the houses examined and to analyze the readability of spaces. The contextual continuity and local reference of megaron, traditional, and modern houses in the Northern Aegean have been deciphered through visual and syntactic analyses. This study interprets contextual continuity as the essence of critical regionalism. The basic principles used in this study for the instrumentalization of critical regionalism included the principles of "spatial experience'; "local form and material'; "tectonic form'; and "space-culture relationship" derived from interpretations of the current literature and Frampton's principles, together with the principle of "alienation" introduced by Tzonis & Lefaivre (1981). The five principles through which critical regionalism is interpreted are applied to the visual and syntactic analyses of houses corresponding to three different time-space periods. The critical regionalist approach uses the local materials in order to respond to aesthetic concerns and to maintain the mass balance of the building in addition to functional requirements. This approach transforms local architecture without breaking the relationship between the place and the building by enabling the implementation of new technological systems and materials together with contemporary principles. The courtyard, which was located in the entrance of the ancient house, served as the most social place of the house, while in the traditional house this function was taken on by the sofa, which was located at the entrance of the house and on the upper floor. The entrance of the house was used to socialize and gather in the ancient period, while sofas which were located on the upper floors in traditional houses functioned as closed spaces where occupants came together. In the ancient period, high-depth housing types were common in order to provide protection. The short edges of the houses were used as entrances. In SM House, which reflects the modern period, the entrance is accessed by opening a niche from the long edge of the residence as opposed to the short edge used in the ancient period. SM House offers a combination of the ancient courtyard and the traditional sofa. However, the sofa has been re-interpreted as a low-privacy space with direct access not only for residents but also for visitors. Here, the architect re-interpreted traditional and ancient codes using the principle of "alienation': These data show that the changing social order, cultural transformations, and technological developments are important factors in the transformation of local elements of residential architecture. The unusual use of the local material in the SM House and the effort to communicate with visitors in addition to the residents confirm that SM House is taking a contrary approach to the traditional dwelling, which does not prioritize communication. In order to avoid dangers, the traditional house included features such as small window openings and small dimensions opened to the outdoor space; these features continued in traditional houses out of privacy concerns. In SM House, rather than traditional cultural norms, the desire to establish a strong relationship with the landscape is prioritized. Furthermore, the technological facilities incorporated into the construction of the house have been designed as outward-oriented. This house, which a family of four will use as a holiday home, has concerns independent of the spatial priorities of traditional residents. The elements that organize the place are not cultural norms, but regional references such as landscape, climate, topography, and local construction techniques. The need for defense and protection in the ancient period, a desire for privacy in the traditional period, and a preference for spatial experiences in the modern period are the main factors that influence the form of the houses. Spatial priorities varied in the relationships established with place in the three different time periods, but continuity has prevailed in the organization of space. This continuity has been made possible by local construction techniques, local materials, and topography guiding the design process. Visual analyses have found that the houses built in the three different time periods in the Northern Aegean contain the most rational solutions for their periods; syntactic analyses have shown how local and non-local subjects change and re-define the use of space. Visual and syntactic analyses of houses represented in different time periods can guide the creation of new designs that are compatible with nature, neighborhood, and context when evaluated as data sets within the critical regionalist approach. This study has shown that critical regionalism can be transformed into a method that contains data which can be integrated into the architectural design process, beyond the principles that allow for the construction of buildings to be evaluated after the construction process has been completed. The original contribution of the study to the current literature is an attempt to transform the critical regionalism approach into an analytical method through the analysis of houses built in three different time periods in the Northern Aegean. The rationale behind this method is to reveal the potential of critical regionalism as part of the design process beyond the principles of evaluation after the evaluation after the construction process.
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    An Evaluation of the Relationship Between Everyday Life Rhythms and Urban Morphology: The Square Of Bursa Kent Meydani Shopping Center, Turkey
    (SAGE Publications Inc., 2022) Gümüş, İmran; Yılmaz, Ebru
    The aim of this study is to search for the relationship between the morphological character of urban space and the rhythms of everyday life. Initially, behavioral maps are created by observing daily life rhythms, video recordings are taken on weekend and weekday, the snapshot technique, video recordings, and the pedestrian count analysis are used. In the second step, morphological analyses of the study area are prepared by using space syntax approach. Connectivity, local, and global integration values are obtained through creating axial map, and, in addition, visibility graph analysis (VGA) is performed. Bursa Kent Meydani Shopping Center (BKMSC) consists of a square and the shopping units surrounding it. This area was the main transportation point as Central Bus Station Complex until 2006. The area was selected within the scope of the study because its changing public use due to the functional transformation of the area plays a significant role in the identity of the Bursa. The behavioral maps obtained from the observational data give information about user mobility, various actions, and the activities' locations on weekends and weekdays. By correlating and comparing behavioral and space syntax maps analyses, the relationship between the rhythmic character and the morphological structure of the urban space is tested. The study presents original data by revealing the effects of the morphological elements of Bursa on the daily rhythms of the square of BKMSC. The case study is limited to the surveys conducted in 2 days and three different times of the day. The relationship between observational data and space syntax data shows that daily life rhythms are not independent of the morphological factors.
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    Analysis of Ergonomic Parameters in Architectural Design Studios: A Case Study of Bursa Technical University
    (2025) Gümüş, İmran; Köse, İstem Seçkin Parlakyıldız
    Ergonomics encompasses physical, psychological, and environmental factors, with a crucial role in educational settings. Design studios, integral to architecture, interior architecture, and urban planning education, must ensure optimal spatial, visual, auditory, and thermal comfort to foster creativity and technical skills. This study evaluates the design studios at Bursa Technical University’s Faculty of Architecture and Design, assessing ergonomic conditions through technical measurements and user satisfaction surveys. Findings reveal that repurposed spaces used as design studios fail to meet essential ergonomic standards, impacting students’ learning experiences. The study highlights deficiencies in spatial organization, lighting, acoustics, and thermal conditions, emphasizing the need for improvements. By addressing these shortcomings, the research aims to guide the optimization of design studios as dynamic educational environments supporting technical drawing, group critiques, model-making, and workshop activities. The study is expected to serve as a guiding reference for the organization of design studios in accordance with ergonomic standards.
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    Bağlamsalcılık Kavramının Meydan Tasarım Yarışmaları Üzerinden İrdelenmesi: 2000 Sonrası Bursa Örnekleri
    (İstanbul Gedik Üniversitesi, 2019) Gümüş, İmran
    Geçmişten günümüze birçok kentsel araştırmanın ve çalışmanın konusu olan bağlamsalcılık kavramı, mimari tasarım süreçlerine yerin farklılaşan özellikleri doğrultusunda etki eden, tarihi, kültürel, sosyal ve doğal unsurlarının güncel ihtiyaçlara cevap verecek şekilde yeniden ele alınmasıyla araçsallaştırılan bir kavramdır. Kentlerin stratejik noktalarında açılan mimari ve kentsel tasarım yarışmalarında, tasarım önerilerinin kentsel bağlam ile ilişkisi ön sıralarda değerlendirilmektedir. Yarışmaya katılan projelerin başarısında kentsel bağlamın yenilikçi çözümlerle birlikte ele alınış biçimi jüri raporlarında değerlendirme kriteri olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır.Sahip olduğu köklü tarihsel geçmişi ve katmanlı kentsel yapısı nedeniyle Bursa’da gerçekleştirilen kentsel ve mimari tasarım yarışmalarında değerlendirme kriterlerinin başında bağlam konusu gelmektedir. Güncel ihtiyaçlara cevap veren çağdaş kentsel ve mimari müdahalelerin yarışmayla belirlenmesi Bursa’nın kamusal yaşamı ve kentsel kimliği için oldukça önem taşımaktadır. Bu araştırma bağlam konusunun mimari yarışmalarda tasarım kriteri olarak nasıl yorumlandığını, Bursa kentinin yarışmaya açılan üç önemli kentsel meydanı üzerinden değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bağlamsalcılık kriterleri Bursa Santral Garaj Kent Meydanı, Orhangazi Meydanı ve Çekirge Meydanı Proje Yarışmalarında birincilik ödülünü kazanan projeler üzerinden incelenecek olup tasarıma yön veren ilkeler, projelerin vaat ettikleri ve jürinin başarılı bulduğu tasarım stratejileri karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilecektir. Tarihi, kültürel, sosyal ve doğal niteliklerin çağdaş yaklaşımlarda bağlamsalcılık ilkeleriyle nasıl birer tasarım stratejisine dönüştürüldüğü bu üç örnek üzerinden incelenecektir.
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    Impact of spatial configuration to spatial quality: Venice and istanbul
    (VGTU, 2021) Gümüş, İmran; Erdönmez, E.
    The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between spatial configuration and spatial quality, and how they affect each other. Spatial quality is a sophisticated concept and encompasses physical, social, economic, cultural and environmental components. Urban squares reflect these parameters and also play a decisive role in urban identity as areas of apparent urban culture and collective memory. Spatial configuration also determines the character of the squares as a result of morphological feature of cities. In the study, qualitative and quantitative methods are used together. Initially, the case study was conducted on two pier squares, San Marco Square (Venice) and Beşiktaş Square (Istanbul) according to fifty public space quality parameters. Secondly, morphological analysis was performed through space syntax method. It has been investigated whether there is a connection between spatial configuration and the factors determining the quality of space or not. As a result, it has been revealed that the spatial configuration is one of the determining factors being assessed the quality of the space, however, it does not provide sufficient data alone. The importance of this article is that it proposes an analytical approach that includes both quantitative and qualitative components of spatial quality.