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    Cedrus atlantica's Usability for Reducing and Monitoring the Change in Lithium Pollution in the Air
    (Kastamonu University, 2024) Kulaç, Şemsettin; Arıcak, Burak; Erdem, Ramazan
    The most important and harmful components of air pollution that affect the health and cause the death of millions of people every year around the world are heavy metals. Due to their potential harm, monitoring the change in the concentration of heavy metals in the air and reducing pollution are essential. This study aimed to determine the usability of Cedrus atlantica grown in Düzce, where heavy metal pollution is reported to be high, for monitoring and reducing the change in lithium pollution in the air. For this purpose, the change in Li concentration in Cedrus atlantica annuals grown in Düzce was evaluated in the 60-year period. As a result of the study, it was determined that Li pollution in the region has increased significantly in the last decade. The highest values were generally obtained in the north direction, and this result was interpreted as Li concentration originating from the highway in this direction, i.e., traffic. As a result of the study, Cedrus atlantica is a very suitable species for monitoring and reducing the change in Li pollution.
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    Change in Some Heavy Metal Concentrations in Forest Trees by Species, Organ, and Soil Depth
    (2023) Erdem, Ramazan; Arıcak, Burak; Cetin, Mehmet; Sevik, Hakan
    Heavy metal pollution is one of the most important environmental problems nowadays, and studies on monitoring and reducing heavy metal pollution are among the popular and high-priority study subjects. It was stated that the most effective instrument in monitoring heavy metal pollution and reducing pollution is the plants. However, the heavy metal accumulation potential remarkably differs among the organs of plants. Within the scope of this study, the concentrations of Cu, Mn, and Al, which are among the most dangerous and important heavy metals for human health, in the soils in which forest tree species Pinus nigra Arnold., Pinus silvestris L., Fagus orientalis Libsky., and Abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmülleriana Mattf. are grown and analyzed at different soil depths and in leaf, bark, wood, cone, and root organs. As a result, the highest concentrations were found in cone and bark for Cu, leaf for Mn, and root for Al. For this reason, among the elements examined here, it is estimated that Mn is taken into the plant body mainly from the air through leaves, and Al is mainly taken from the soil via roots. The results obtained here suggest that the transfer of all three elements between organs was very limited and that species utilize elements in the soil at different levels. Study results might provide important information about which species can be used in reducing heavy metal pollution in which environment.
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    Shifts That May Appear in Climate Classifications in Bursa Due to Global Climate Change
    (Aves, 2024) Aricak, Burak; Cantuerk, Ugur; Koc, Ismail; Erdem, Ramazan; Sevik, Hakan
    Global climate change (GCC) is defined as a process that is considered the most crucial problem of the current century and will affect all living things and ecosystems in the world. In order to specify the potential impacts of this phenomenon, which does not seem possible to stop, it is necessary first to predict the change in climate types. Therefore, the current study aimed to define the shift of climate classifications (according to De Martonne, Erin & ccedil;, and Emberger climate category) in 2040, 2060, 2080, and 2100 for Bursa, one of the largest cities in T & uuml;rkiye, according to the SSPs 245 and SSPs585 scenarios, and compare it with its current situation. As a result, it was determined that the climate types in Bursa province would change significantly and primarily manifest as a shift into arid climate types. It is recommended to take precautions on a sectoral basis to avoid the devastating effects of GCC.
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    Shifts That May Appear in Climate Classifications in Bursa Due to Global Climate Change
    (2024) Arıcak, Burak; Cantürk, Uğur; Koç, İsmail; Erdem, Ramazan; Sevik, Hakan
    Global climate change (GCC) is defined as a process that is considered the most crucial problem of the current century and will affect all living things and ecosystems in the world. In order to specify the potential impacts of this phenomenon, which does not seem possible to stop, it is necessary first to predict the change in climate types. Therefore, the current study aimed to define the shift of climate classifications (according to De Martonne, Erinç, and Emberger climate category) in 2040, 2060, 2080, and 2100 for Bursa, one of the largest cities in Türkiye, according to the SSPs 245 and SSPs585 scenarios, and compare it with its current situation. As a result, it was determined that the climate types in Bursa province would change significantly and primarily manifest as a shift into arid climate types. It is recommended to take precautions on a sectoral basis to avoid the devastating effects of GCC.
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    The Change of the Concentrations of Boron and Sodium in Some Forest Soils Depending on Plant Species
    (2023) Erdem, Ramazan; Cetin, Mehmet; Arıcak, Burak; Sevik, Hakan
    Plant growth is largely related to soil structure, nutrients, and climatic factors. In agricultural soils, the amount of nutrients in the soil can be changed significantly by fertilization, whereas the bedrock’s characteristics largely shape soil nutrient con- tent in forested areas. Therefore, the accumulation level of each element in different organs of the plants is different, and the nutrient content in the soil differs according to the plant species. The organ samples (leaf, bark, wood, cone, and root) were taken from the relevant trees, and soil samples from the surface (0–5 cm), moderate (20–30 cm), and deep (50–60 cm) depths under the trees. The dried samples were combusted in special microwave ovens and turned into a solution. Then, using the ICP-OES device, the boron (B) and sodium (Na) element analyses were conducted. By using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 22.0 package software, the data were subjected to variance analysis and Duncan’s test. The data were then simplified and interpreted by tabularizing. In this study, the concentrations of B and Na in the leaves, bark, wood, roots, and cones of black pine, scotch pine, oriental beech, and Turkish fir trees grown in a limited area in a similar land structure were determined. These concentrations were compared with the concentrations at different depth levels of the soil. It was to determine how the B and Na concentrations changed depending on the species, organ, and soil depth.
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    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2018) Erdem, Ramazan; Enez, Korhan; Demir, Murat; Sarıyıldız, Temel
    The purpose of this study was to determine actual amount of sediment productions of paved (PFR) and unpaved (UPFR) forest roads at different longitudinal slope groups (2-4%, 4-6%, 6-8%, 8-12%) were compared to undisturbed forest land (UA) in Kastamonu-Arac of Turkey with the help of the sediment traps. It was determinated that the total annual amount of sediments from the UPFR was found to be significantly higher than the amounts of sediments from the PFR and UA according to the slope groups. There were statistically significant differences between the amounts of sedimentation from the forest roads sides and within the UA (0.05