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    Effects of ?-Lipoic Acid, vitamin E, and Selenium Combination on Inflammation-Independent ROS-Induced Damage in Kidney Tissue of Diabetic Mice
    (Wiley, 2025) Kacar, Ayse Karatug; Ertik, Onur; Dinckurt, Nilay; Arabaci, Unal; Yerlikaya, Pinar Obakan; Yanardag, Refiye; Bolkent, Sehnaz
    Diabetes is a metabolic and chronic disease affecting different tissues' metabolism. Genetic factors, lifestyles, and dietary habits can cause it. In diabetes, oxidative stress can occur in metabolic disorders, negatively affecting it. The antioxidants are essential in reducing or completely stopping the harmful effects of these adverse effects on the tissues. In the present study, we aimed to determine the combined effects of lipoic acid, vitamin E, and selenium in the kidneys of diabetic mice. For this experiment, the Balb/c mice were used and divided into five groups: citrate buffer, the solvents of the antioxidants, combined the antioxidants (alpha-lipoic acid, vitamin E, and selenium), streptozotocin, combined with the antioxidants and streptozotocin (A+D). At the end of 30 days of this process, the mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Kidney tissues were taken for morphological, Western blotting, and biochemical analyses. The tissue was used for staining with Masson's trichrome and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) of renal tissue sections taken for histological analysis; Western blotting such as the level of IL-10, IL-1 beta, TGF-beta, p38, cCas3, NRF2; biochemical parameters such as the level of GSH, LPO, SOD, CAT, GR, TAS, TOS, ROS, OSI, PON, CA, LDH, AR, ADA, arginase, OH-proline, and AOPP. The histological findings showed mild damage to the kidney tissue of diabetic mice. Western blot results showed that the damage was independent of inflammation. Biochemical results revealed that administering combined antioxidants to diabetic mice protects the kidney tissue.