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    Links between airborne microbiome, meteorology, and chemical composition in northwestern Turkey
    (Elsevier, 2020) Lang-Yona, Naama; Ozturk, Fatma; Gat, Daniella; Akturk, Merve; Dikmen, Emre; Birgül, Aşkın
    The composition of atmospheric aerosols is dynamic and influenced by their emission sources, organic and inorganic composition, transport pathways, chemical and physical processes, microorganisms' content and more. Characterization of such factors can improve the ability to evaluate air quality and health risks under different atmospheric scenarios. Here we investigate the microbial composition of the atmospheric particulate matter (<10 mu m; PM10), sampled in Bolu, Turkey, and the linkage to the chemical composition changes, and different environmental factors. We showdistinct differences between aerosol composition of different sources and air-mass transport patterns, sampled in July-August 2017 and in February 2018. The summer samples had a typical northern component air mass trajectories and higher local wind speed. They were characterized by high PM10 levels, marine and mineral dust tracers and high relative abundance of Ascomycota, suggesting long-range transport of the particles from remote sources. In contrast, samples collected in February were characterized by a dominant contribution of southern air masses, and low wind speed. They had low PM10 values, higher relative abundance of antibiotic resistance genes and anthropogenic ions related to local industries and farming, suggesting a dominance of local sources. With the microbiome analyses reported here for the first time for this region, we show good agreement between airborne microbial composition, aerosol mass load, chemistry, and meteorology. These results allow better air quality evaluation and prediction capabilities. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Particle size determines the distribution of chemical composition and antibiotic resistance genes in urban atmospheric bioaerosols
    (Elsevier, 2026) Habeebrahuman, Haajira Beevi; Qian, Youfen; Shrivastava, Vibhaw; Rafeeq, Shamil; Dikmen, Emre; Sagirli, Eda; Lang-Yona, Naama
    Airborne aerosols impact urban air quality and public health through transport and inhalation of chemical pollutants and microbial agents, including antibiotic-resistant bacteria. However, relationships between particle size, environmental parameters, chemical and microbial composition, and antibiotic-resistance dispersion remain poorly understood. This study examined the interplay between these parameters for size-segregated airborne particles collected in a mid-sized urban area. Fine particles (<1.5 m) contained elevated K+, NH4+, Cl-, and anthropogenic carbonaceous compounds, with predominant Proteobacteria. Coarse fractions (>1.5 mu m) mainly contained mineral-derived components (Mg2+, Ca2+) and carbonate carbon from natural sources, with greater microbial diversity dominated by Firmicutes (29 %) and Actinobacteriota (25 %). Key opportunistic pathogens (Acinetobacter, Staphylococcus, and Lactobacillus) and antibiotic resistance genes with tetW and sul1 were the most abundant, followed by blaTEM and intl1 were significantly more abundant in coarse fractions. Particle size, rather than seasonality, was found to primarily determine chemical composition and microbial community structure. Key genera (Acinetobacter, Delftia, Paucibacter, and Pseudomonas) positively correlated with anthropogenic chemicals but negatively with ARGs, while ARG-harboring genera associated strongly with mineral nutrients. These findings suggest coarse urban aerosols function as reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes and opportunistic pathogens, with abundance peaking in warmer months, raising public health concerns through inhalation exposure.