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A quantitative priority-based approach using a multi-criteria decision-making model for sustainable coastal city development
(Springer, 2025) Gokkaya, Merve Dilman; Demir, Sara; Aksoy, Onur; Ersoz, Nazli Deniz
Throughout history, water availability has been an essential factor in shaping the development, culture, transportation, economic activities, and access to food in cities. The socioeconomic and cultural development of a city or country with a coast depends on the active use of the coast and the impact of the coast on urban life. In this context, for the development of coastal cities, it is necessary to determine coastal city criteria and specify their strategies in line with these criteria in order to increase coastal qualities. This research determined Bursa, located northwest of Turkey, as the study area. However, factors such as the absence of a coastal plan for the city and the inability of the coast to integrate into urban life have weakened the coastal city's qualities of it. For this reason, this study aims to define Bursa's coastal city criteria and determine strategies to increase the coastal city quality. The coastal city criteria developed depending on the examples of coastal cities in the world were evaluated by surveying local people and experts. The results of these surveys were digitized according to their priorities using Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP), one of the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods. The results of this study determined the highest priority criteria among the three main and nine sub-coastal city criteria in evaluating the coastal city in Bursa. This study proposes a numerical method that develops effective and sustainable coastal design and planning strategies for Turkey and underdeveloped countries.
According to European Landscape Convention Historical and Archaeological New Approach
(Hayrullah KAHYA, 2018) Demir, Sara; Demirel, Öner
According to European Landscape Convention, all landscapes should be planned, designed, protected, restored and managed depending on their natural and cultural landscape values. However, the archeological relicts on landscapes and their temporal depth are not taken into account during this assessment process of natural and cultural features of landscapes. In this context, the historical landscape character classification method was developed to analyze the landscape relicts caused by mankind. This study aims to investigate the temporal depth of landscape and emphasize the importance of archeological past on the landscape architecture discipline. Because of this fact, the historical landscape character was determined, the specific data sources were listed and the process of the historical landscape character classification was investigated, the historical landscape and their temporal depth were described and finally the suitable land use decisions were analyzed first time with this new approach under the landscape architecture discipline in the context of European Landscape Convention. It is evaluated the protected areas, monuments and historical relicts with their environment. This study, described the environmental data with their archeological past, can provide to take healthy land use decisions in the historical integrity.
Açık ve Kapalı Mekanları Birleştiren Çocuk Oyun Alanlarının Tasarım Süreci: Bornova, Çocuk Dünyası Örneği, İzmir
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2021) Demir, Sara; Turan, Okan; Günay, Emre
Mekansal planlama ve tasarım süreci kapsamında ele alınan her bir mekan, kullanıcı profiline ve kullanıcıların gereksinimlerini göre belirlenmektedir. Bu bağlamda çocuklar, gençler, yaşlılar ve özel gereksinimli bireylerden oluşan kullanıcı gruplarının özelliklerinin bilinmesi tasarımın sağlıklı ve başarılı olması açısından önemlidir. Bireylerin kişiliklerinin oluşmasında etkili olan çocukluk dönemi, insan hayatının en önemli evresini oluşturmaktadır. Dolayısı ile çocuk kullanıcılarına yönelik yapılan tasarımlarda çocukların fiziksel, bilişsel, sosyo-duyusal gelişimlerine hizmet eden ve renklilik, hareketlilik ile doğallık ilkelerine dayanan kapalı ve açık mekanlarının tasarlanması gerekmektedir. Bu kapsamda tasarlanan çocuk dünyası projesi, İzmir ilinin, Bornova ilçesinde gerçekleşmiştir. İzmir’e eğitim ve eğlence konusunda alternatif bir cazibe noktası oluşturulması beklenen bu çalışmanın amacı çocukların dünyasını yansıtan kapalı ve açık çocuk oyun mekanlarının tasarlanmasıdır. Bu amaca ulaşmak için tasarlanan çocuk oyun mekanlarının çocuk gelişim dönemlerine hizmet etmesi ve çocuk oyun mekanlarındaki tasarım ilkelerini temel alması hedeflenmiştir. Çocuklara yönelik oyun alanları yapılması istenen bu projede yöntem olarak tasarım süreci adım adım uygulanmıştır. Çocukların fiziksel, bilişsel, sosyo-duyusal gelişim dönemleri ile çocuk oyun mekanlarının renklilik, hareketlilik ve doğallık tasarım kriterleri haraketli ve renkli oyun modülleri, renkli ve oyun desenli yer döşemeleri, hareketli oturma birimleri, her mevsim renk değiştiren bitkisel materyal ile bütüncül bir tasarım çerçevesinde ele alınmış ve buna uygun sergi-bilgi-deneyim alanları, atölyeler ve avludan oluşan kapalı-açık, renkli ve hareketli çocuk oyun mekanlar oluşturulmuştur. Proje görünüş, kesit, perspektif ve detay çizimler ile desteklenmiştir. Sonuç olarak özgün, nitelikli, işlevsel, yenilikçi ve çağdaş tasarım çözümlerini içeren bu çalışmada yerleşim kararları, plan kararları, cephe ve malzeme karaları, sürdürebilirlik kararları ve açık mekan kararları alınmıştır. Bu çalışmanın bulguları ve yöntemi diğer benzeri projelerinin tasarım sürecine ve çocukların gelişim dönemlerini ve ilkelerini dikkate alarak farklı bölgelerde tasarlanacak olan çocuk oyun mekanlarına örnek oluşturabilir.
An ecological restoration assessment integrating multi-criteria decision analysis with landscape sensitivity analysis for a hydroelectric power plant project: the Tokat-Niksar case
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Demir, Sara; Demirel, Ö.; Okatan, A.
Due to Turkey’s reliance on imported electricity, it has been using hydroelectric power plants (HPPs) to cover some of its electrical energy needs since 2011. However, HPP projects, which do not take landscape sensitivity into account, cause the ecological integrity of the basins and the ecosystem structure to deteriorate. This study presents the Tokat-Niksar HPP project field example in Turkey’s Central Black Sea region with its steep slopes, rich forest and creek vegetation, protected endemic plants and wildlife, cultural heritage dating back to 3000 BC agricultural activities, and long-established local culture. The study, in fact, aims to develop a landscape restoration plan that considers the sensitivity of landscapes in the HPP project area. For this purpose, a landscape sensitivity analysis consisting of water, habitat, visibility, erosion functions, and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) determining priority of functions conducted with experts were performed. According to the results, the water function was found to have the highest, and the visibility the lowest priority in the ranking. Consequently, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th-degree sensitive areas with very high, high, and moderate landscape sensitivity were determined by weighted sum function by considering the priority of each landscape function, and accordingly, a five-stage landscape restoration model was developed including soil protection, areas to be protected, erosion control, vegetation screening, and creek reclamation. This study presents a framework for sustainable landscape restoration solutions in the town by combining landscape sensitivity analysis via MCDA.
Assessment of an effective quantitative model with multi-criteria decision-making method for sustainable campus
(Springer Heidelberg, 2024) Aksoy, Onur; Demir, Sara; Ersoz, Nazli Deniz; Gokkaya, Merve Dilman
Sustainability is a current topic in public open green spaces such as university campuses. In order to ensure the sustainability of the campus areas, it is necessary to determine the criteria for the sustainable campus landscape. Bursa Uludag University Gorukle Campus in Bursa was chosen as the study area in this research. The aim of the study is to identify suitable sustainable campus criteria with a focus on landscape and to prioritize appropriate sustainable campus strategies determined according to these criteria. In this context, first, field studies and literature research were carried out. Second, sustainable campus criteria were classified as criteria and section. The section was then divided into credit. All these credits were ranked according to their priorities. Analytic hierarchy process, one of the multi-criteria decision-making methods, was used while ranking. According to the result of the criteria, planting landscape components were determined to be more important than structural landscape components. Among the section, the transport category was found as the highest priority criterion. The use of vegetable wastes as compost was also determined as the most important criterion among all credits. The method and findings of this research may set an example for determining priorities of the sustainable campus criteria in Turkey and developing countries with a participatory management approach.
Determining suitable ecotourism areas in protected watershed area through visibility analysis
(Scibulcom Ltd, 2019) Demir, Sara
The rapid population growth, technological improvement and the expansion the boundary of urban have affected the natural and cultural landscape values of rural areas negatively. This causes to consumption unawares natural and cultural values of landscape. Mary Valley protected watershed area, located in Macka, Trabzon, has one of the important national park, cultural heritage points, historical trails, river falls, natural forest views, wildlife and endemic plants was selected as a study area. Its landscape values have been damaged because of lack of administrative structure. This study aims to explore the natural and cultural landscape values and highlight the importance of cultural, historical and natural viewpoints of the Mary Valley. To achieve this goal, the natural and historical landscape data are collected and multi-criteria decision making methods, is employed on the basis of the data derived from the surveys and interviews with local and experts and then all data overlayed through visibility analysis process in GIS. Finally, 'very high-high and medium visibility areas' are offered as suitable ecotourism areas for ecotourism activities, which has no negative effects to natural and cultural areas. The findings can set guidance for sustainable for protected national and cultural values of watershed area in Turkey.
Ecotourism branding in protected areas of Iran: Using an efficient hybrid multi-criteria decision-making method model
(Wiley, 2024) Tajer, Elnaz; Demir, Sara
Ecotourism, as a nature-based sustainable tourism, raises awareness about the protection of natural and cultural landscape values. This study aims to determine the ecotourism criteria to develop strategies for a sustainable ecotourism branding in Golestan, located in the northeast of Iran. To reach this aim, Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats (SWOT) analysis, multi-criteria decision-making methods consisting of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and Best and Worst Method (BWM) were integrated. The most appropriate ecotourism strategies for the branding of the study area were ranked according to their priorities. The results of this study reveal that among the 5 main and 20 sub ecotourism criteria, having natural protected areas, which is an opportunity, and having ecological values, which is a strength, were determined as the highest priority strategies for ecotourism branding. The methods and results of this quantitative-based research present an exemplary hybrid model that prioritizes the strategies required for branding ecotourism in similar protected areas.
Ecotourism strategy of UNESCO city in Iran: Applying a new quantitative method integrated with BWM
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2022) Tajer, Elnaz; Demir, Sara
The preservation of the integrity of ecological and cultural resource values with tourism potential and the reduction of visitor and environmental pressures on these values are achieved by sustainable tourism development. In this context, ecotourism is a sustainable and responsible type of tourism that can protect the tourism resources and consequently, develops the socio-economic conditions of the country including those of local people. In this study, Masouleh village, located in the northeast of Iran with sensitive-fragile vegetation and wildlife protected on an international and national scale and known for its local architecture and traditional lifestyle, was selected as the study area. However, the lack of a tourism plan, insufficient investment in tourism, insufficient technical infrastructure, and uncontrolled increase in land prices have negatively affected these sensitive ecological and cultural landscape values. The methodology of this research included field survey, interviews, and strengths-weaknesses-opportunities-threats (SWOT) analysis with Best and Worst Method (BWM) conducted with experts and local people to rank ecotourism strategies according to their priority. Among the 4 main and 10 sub-ecotourism criteria, S1 the presence of vegetation and wildlife and Q4 being on the UNESCO tentative list were the highest priority strategies for the development of ecotourism. This study also proposed a quantitative integrated method model that listing priorities for successful ecotourism strategies of the region.
ENERGY EFFICIENT LANDSCAPE DESIGN PROPOSALS IN TRABZON CITY CENTER
(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2018) Demir, Sara; Koc, Seren
The population growth, technological development, unsustainable consumption, disasters and climate changes in urban cities cause to destroy the natural and cultural values, decay the ecological integrity and changes landscape of urban. The increasing trend of urban has been recognized in the international scale and takes into consider the improvement of sustainable energy efficient in recent years. Urban open spaces have important role on human life as a social welfare and on ecological integrity of urban life. Lack of green infrastructure system and unsustainable intensively impermeable construction affected negatively the quality of urban. Therefore, one of the development countries, Turkey, is under pressure because of rapid and unplanned urban growth. Trabzon is one of the big cities of Turkey and it has rapidly grown after declaring as a metropolitan municipality since 2012. Thus, open green areas in urban have turned to intensively construction area and caused to diminish the open spaces. As a result, Trabzon city center needs to increase the green open spaces and control the heat island due to impermeable surfaces. In this context, the aim of this study is to offer sustainable energy efficient methods by designing green infrastructure with water conservation to reduce urban heat effects caused by climate change. To reach our aim, it was developed the street design proposal in Kahramanmaras street of Trabzon city center to create both green open green spaces and collect the rainwater for social, ecological and economic urban life. For this energy efficient design in Kahramanmaras Boulevard, rainwater was collected by green systems, storage and filtering. The green rainwater collector with filtering was best effective way to protect water and increase the healthy green areas by decreasing the intensive vertical and horizontal impermeable surfaces for this study. These street design proposals can set a good example for the other cities under pressure of urban growth and improve social and economic life quality of citizen and ecological integrity of urban landscape by providing urban and environmental balance.
LANDSCAPE DYNAMICS CHANGES OF THE PROTECTED MARY VALLEY, TURKEY
(Corvinus Univ Budapest, 2019) Demir, Sara
This paper presents the case of Mary Valley's protected catchment, which is located in the northeast Black Sea Region of Turkey, and was declared a national park in 1987. The study area has sensitive ecosystems, with rare and endangered endemic plants. Nevertheless, current unsustainable economic activities, uncontrolled tourism and population migration have adversely affected its sensitive ecological integrity. This research aims to monitor and analyze the landscape dynamics changes of land use-land cover and landscape structure by change detection and landscape metrics in 1987, 1998, 2009 and 2016. The relationship between LULC and habitat changes linked to those of endemic plants were aimed to be determined. The findings indicated that forest areas with the highest loss transformed into grassland, shrubland and bare land areas, while bare land experienced the highest gain. However, forest area has the highest and bare land has the lowest habitat function. Additionally, endemic plant habitats have an inverse relationship with the habitat value of forest and bare land areas and a direct relationship with shrublands. These unsuitable changes can adversely pressure the sensitive landscape dynamics of Mary Valley protected area. Thus, landscape dynamics and their changes should be monitored to protect and manage for the sustainable development of Mary Valley resources.
Peyzaj Planlamada Peyzaj Ekolojisi Yaklaşımı
(Ömer Kamil ÖRÜCÜ, 2018) Demir, Sara; Demirel, Öner
Son yıllarda peyzaj planlama çalışmalarında peyzajın işlevini ve hassasiyetini dikkate alan, peyzajın yapı ve işleyişini değerlendiren ve peyzaj ekolojisine dayanan planlama yaklaşımları gelişmiştir. Bu bağlamda ele alınan bu çalışmanın amacı, fiziksel planlama ve peyzaj planlama ile arazi kullanım çalışmalarında oluşan sorunlara çözüm bulabilen abiyotik, biyotik ve kültürel kaynak değerlerine dayanan peyzaj ekolojisi yaklaşımını ortaya koymaktır. Çalışma kapsamında peyzaj ekolojisinin kısaca tarihi gelişimine değinilmiş, peyzajın karakteristiğini ortaya koyan peyzajın yapı, fonksiyon ve değişimi tanımlanmış, peyzajın mozaik yapısı ile ilgili ölçümler listelenmiş ve son olarak peyzaj planlamadaki bazı ekoloijik yaklaşımlar üzerinde durulmuştur. Sürdürebilir planlama kararlarının alınmasında ve doğal ile kültürel peyzaj kaynak değerlerinin korunmasında ekolojik yaklaşımlı peyzaj planlama, yönetim, koruma ve onarım çalışmalarının artması gerektiği vurgulanmıştır.
Prioritization Blue-Green Infrastructure Strategies: Developing a Hybrid Quantitative Approach Model for Sustainable Urban Water Management
(Springer, 2025) Demir, Sara; Gokkaya, Merve Dilman; Ersoz, Nazli Deniz
Blue-Green Infrastructure (BGI) is critical in protecting natural and cultural landscapes, managing urban water resources, and mitigating agricultural, urban, and industrial pressures. BGI aims to implement nature-based solutions across various scales, from planning to design, to reduce surface runoff and enable rainwater collection and reuse. This study focuses on Ayvali Creek in Bursa, a significant urban stream impacted by agricultural, residential, and industrial activities, along with inadequate technical infrastructure, degrading water quality and the natural landscape. This study aims to identify BGI solutions suitable for Ayvali Creek and formulate planning and design strategies for sustainable and effective rainfall management. The methodology of this study included a SWOT (Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats) analysis for identifying the current conditions of the study area and a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method known as the best and worst method (BWM) conducted with experts and stakeholders to rank BGI strategies according to their priority. Among the main criteria and sub-criteria, the water/soil (0.41) and land-use/land-cover (0.32) criteria, which contribute to the overarching ecological protection criterion (0.71), emerged as the highest priority strategies for effective BGI solutions. This finding underscores the paramount importance of ecological protection for Ayvali Creek. The methods and results of this quantitative research can serve as a framework for BGI, offering insight into successful strategies for sustainable water resource and rainfall management, not only for the region under study but also for other developing countries facing similar challenges with their water resources.
Prioritizing Ecotourism Strategies Intagrated with Multiple-criteria Decision Analysis and SWOT Analysis: Masuleh-Iran Sample
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2022) Tajer, Elnaz; Demir, Sara
Ecotourism, unlike mass tourism, is a sustainable alternative tourism that can protect natural and cultural landscape values and historical sources of sensitive landscapes and ensures its ecological integrity. Ecotourism, which takes into account the balance of conservation and use, supports the sustainable use of resources. In this context, raising awareness of visitors and local people may lead to a decrease in urban pressure, visitor impact and environmental problems on natural and cultural landscape values that provide resources to ecotourism. Within the scope of this research, Masuleh village, which is close to the Hazar Sea, surrounded by Alborz mountains and forests, has cultural and historical heritage value and preserves its local architectural structure, has been determined as the study area. These natural and cultural landscape values of Masuleh, which was included in the list of historical heritage by UNESCO in 2007, are under threat due to the confusion of authority in the management structure. The aim of this study is to determine the ecotourism criteria that have ecotourism resources for Masuleh and to determine the ecotourism strategies that ensure the sustainability of these sensitive landscape values. In this context, a field study and literature review was carried out, and a questionnaire integrating the Best-Worst Method (HCM), which is one of the multi-criteria decision-making methods, and SWOT (Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats) Analysis applied with local people and experts. As a result of the survey, the ecotourism criteria consisting of 4 main and 20 sub-ecotourism criteria were ranked according to their priorities. As a result, the criterion of opportunities criteria "inclusion in the UNESCO's Historical Heritage Site tentative list" was determined as an ecotourism strategy that should be evaluated as a priority. The methods and outputs of this study can set an example in determining the ecotourism strategies of similar study areas.
Prioritizing user preferences for quasi - Public space by using analytic hierarchy process (AHP): bursa Podyum park, Turkey case
(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2024) Ersoz, Nazli Deniz; Demir, Sara; Gokkaya, Merve Dilman; Aksoy, Onur
PurposeThis study aims to fill the lack of quantitative studies of user preferences in quasi-public spaces to observe the use of quasi-public spaces by questioning the contemporary needs of urban communities and to develop design strategies accordingly.Design/methodology/approachWithin the scope of this study, public space design elements affecting users' preferences in the quasi-public spaces of the Podium Park shopping center in Bursa, Turkey were evaluated. By considering the spatial characteristics of the study area, 4 main and 15 subcriteria were determined and utilized by analytic hierarchy process (AHP). These criteria were evaluated by experts and locals with a participatory approach.FindingsAccording to the obtained results, events (S2), sun/shade (C2), safety (P3) and planting (U4) subcriteria were determined as the vital elements for quasi-public spaces.Originality/valueAlthough the concept of quasi-public space has been discussed for nearly 30 years, it has been observed that there are no quantitative studies to determine the criteria of user preferences in these open spaces in the literature. This study is the first quantitative research for user preferences in quasi-public spaces and there is no previous study on this subject and study area in Turkey.
Soundscape Assessment of Green and Blue Infrastructures
(Mdpi, 2022) Yildirim, Yalcin; Dilman, Merve; Muftuoglu, Volkan; Demir, Sara
Green and blue infrastructures provide economic, environmental, and social benefits to urban life. Various areas that are passing through such infrastructures have implications for those benefits. For instance, urban, rural, agricultural, and industrial zones extend the services and disservices of green and blue infrastructures. Such extensions also have various implications on the environment and public health. Sound is one of those under-examined aspects of aggregated effects of green and blue infrastructures. This study aims to contribute to whether soundscape is affected by three pillars of urban, industrial, and rural areas among green and blue infrastructures. The study result shows no significant difference among those zones; however, urbanized areas include the highest sound levels. Industrial and rural zones show similar patterns. The study also identified that green infrastructure has more effects on the soundscape paradigm. The results also imply that green and blue infrastructures should be designated in harmony to produce a more sound-friendly environment considering the current major uses of the areas.
Streams Under Urban Pressure: Blue-Green Infrastructure Planning and Design Approaches for Bursa Ayvali Creek Corridor
(Taki Can METİN, 2022) Ersöz, Nazlı Deniz; Dilman, Merve; Demir, Sara; Müftüoğlu, Volkan
Hızlı kentleşme ve yapılaşmanın kentsel peyzaj üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerini önlemek amacı ile hidrolojik ağ sisteminin açık yeşil alan ağ sistemi ile birlikte korunması ve geliştirilmesi gündeme gelmiştir. Su kaynaklarının ve yeşil alan sisteminin sürdürebilirliğinin sağlanması kapsamında sağlıklı bir çevre için bu doğal su koridorlarının korunması, yağmur sularının depolanması, yeraltı sularının niteliklerinin korunması ve beslenmesi, geçirimli yüzeylerin oluşturulması gerekmektedir. Bu anlamda dünyanın gelişmiş birçok ülkesinde kentlerin yaşam ve su kalitesini arttıran ve ekosistem hizmet servisleri sağlayan yenilikçi tekniklerle su kaynaklarının doğal yapısına saygı gösteren mavi-yeşil altyapı çözümleri üretilmektedir. Çalışma kapsamında incelenen Bursa kentinin önemli akarsularından biri olan Ayvalı Dere, Nilufer Çayı’nın önemli bir koludur. Sanayi ve tarım baskısının yanı sıra kentsel baskı altında kalan Ayvalı Dere koridoru boyunca farklılaşan alan kullanımları nedeni ile su kirliliği görülmekte ve doğal habitat alanı zarar görmektedir. Bu çalışma ile derenin kent içerisinde takip ettiği hat üzerindeki farklılaşan kentsel tipolojilerinde görülen sorunlar ve olanaklar puanlandırılarak bir değerlendirme matrisi ile kategorize edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Matris sonuçları ile müdahale edilmesi öncelikli olan noktalar tespit edilerek, alanın karakterine yönelik mevcut mavi-yeşil altyapı sistemine entegre olabilecek yağış suyu odaklı planlama ve tasarım önerileri geliştirilmiştir.
TARİHİ PEYZAJ DEĞERLENDİRMESİ PEYZAJIN KENDİSİNE Mİ YOKSA PEYZAJIN TARİHİNE Mİ ODAKLANIR?
(Peyzaj Mimarlığı Eğitim ve Bilim Derneği, 2025) Demir, Sara
Avrupa Peyzaj Sözleşmesi (APS) kapsamında her ülke, peyzajlarını tanımlamalı, sınıflamalı, planlamalı, korumalı, yönetmeli ve değişime yol açan baskıları analiz ederek değerlendirmelidir. Peyzaj değerlendirme çalışmalarında genellikle mevcut doğal ve kültürel peyzajlar ele alınırken, peyzajların tarihi kimliği ve değerini ortaya koyan, tarihsel gelişimlerini izleyen değerlendirmeler eksiktir. Özellikle peyzaj planlama süreçlerinde, peyzajların miras yönetimi ve tarihi boyutları yeterince dikkate alınmamaktadır. Bu bağlamda, insan faaliyetleri ile doğal süreçlerin etkileşimlerini inceleyen ve peyzaj üzerindeki insan etkilerini analiz eden Tarihi Peyzaj Değerlendirmesi (TPD) önem kazanmaktadır. APS’e göre; peyzaj, doğal ve/veya insan faaliyetlerinin etkileşimleri sonucu şekillenen ve insanlar tarafından algılanan bir alan olarak tanımlanır ve TPD ile doğrudan ilişkilidir. Bu çalışma, TPD hakkındaki yanlış algıların düzeltilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Dün, bugün ve geleceğe yönelik peyzaj değerlendirme yöntemleri ele alınarak, zamansal derinliği olan ve değişimlere direnç göstermiş tarihi peyzajların biyografisini tanımlayan TPD’nin önemi vurgulanmaktadır. TPD, peyzajların tarihini değil, günümüze ulaşabilen peyzajların derinliğini değerlendirir. Bu çalışma, mevcut yanlış algıların düzeltilmesine katkı sağlayarak, TPD’ye farklı bir bakış açısı getirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
The prioritization of natural-historical based ecotourism strategies with multiple-criteria decision analysis in ancient UNESCO city: Iznik-Bursa case
(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2019) Demir, Sara; Sayan Atanur, Gül
Ecotourism contains the integration from ecological integrity and economic benefits to environmental and historically sensitive areas. One of the major keys of ecotourism-planning strategies is to ensure the sustainability of unique natural and cultural resources by a balance strategy between protection and use. It causes both the increase of the ecotourism awareness of local people and visitors and the decrease of the environmental problems and visitor pressures on the landscape resources of potential ecotourism areas. For this reason, the study presents the example of Iznik which is an ancient Greek, Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman city of Nicaea with its lake, historical walls and gates, churches and early-period mosques, ceramic tiles, and agricultural activities on the southeast of Marmara Region, Turkey. It has been declared to have a different protected area status. However, the number of unsuitable management and uncontrolled economic activities has caused damage to sensitive landscape values. The aim of this research is to define ecotourism criteria for Iznik and it offers ecotourism strategies for the sustainability of sensitive landscape areas. Fieldwork, field observation, interviews and survey study with integrated multiple-criteria decision analysis and strengths-weakness-opportunities-threats (SWOT) analysis conducted with locals, tourists and experts were performed for this purpose. According to the results, among the 4 main and 15 sub-criteria of ecotourism to be in UNESCO Tentative List, the opportunity for ecotourism-planning strategy was found as the highest priority ranking. This research proposes a framework by using a priority-ranking method for the development of ecotourism strategies in the town.
The Role of Auditory Landscape in Evaluation of Acoustic Comfort in Stream Corridors, Ayvalı Dere Sample
(Taki Can METİN, 2022) Eşbah, Hatice; Demir, Sara; Yildirim, Yalcin
Stream corridors provide recreational services that keep the citizens away from the noisy and stressful environment of the city and allow them to rest in peacefully. Thus identifying the noise sources in these areas and then providing natural/artificial solutions is one of the purposes of the soundscape. Within the scope of the study, Ayvalı Stream passing through the Nilüfer district of Bursa, and its surroundings, which are under the pressure of industry and agriculture, were determined and it was aimed to propose the design and engineering services of the city that remove the disturbing and unwanted sounds and focus on natural sounds. In order to achieve this aim, the researches and projects that have been carried out in the world and in Turkey regarding the soundscape have been examined and compared with each other. As a result, the use of water, sound barrier, plant material and urban reinforcement has been suggested around the study area.Therefore solutions have been developed that provide acoustic comfort around Ayvalı Stream, which passes through the agricultural, settlements and industrial areas and provides a natural environment for the urban people.For this purpose, it is calibrated with OKTAVA 110A-PRO, which is a noise measurement tool in the analysis of sounds the phone application called “dB meter lite”, which was used to measure sound, was used.
THE USER SATISFACTION OF URBAN PARK: CASE OF TRABZON EYOF MEMORIAL PARK
(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2020) Bayramoglu, Elif; Demir, Sara
Urban parks are open green spaces that can provide the physical and spiritual needs of the urban occupants in their leisure time and also improve the quality of urban life. These parks offer intense activity opportunities for the city users because of their location in city center and its immediate surroundings. The diversity of activities, usage density and accessibility to the area are the main important issues for the user satisfictation of urban parks. In this context, the aim of this study is to determine the user satisfaction of Eyof Memorial Park in Trabzon.To reach of this aim, it was applied two main stages. In the 1st stage; a questionnaire consisting of 15 questions in total was conducted in order to determine the socio-demographic situation, usage status and time of the user group. In the 2st stage; the factors effects on the users satisfaction and dissatisfaction were evaluated by 11 experts on the Likert attitude scale. As a result, 22 satisfaction and 14 dissatisfaction criteria were determined Accordingly, the criteria of satisfaction and dissatisfaction are grouped under 3 main factors (Personal criteria (F1). Social criteria (F2), natural and environmental impacts (F3). Consequently, it was determined 79.46% satisfaction rate and 47.83% dissatisfaction rate with 3,973 average value for Trabzon Eyof Memorial Park, The findings and methodology of this study may he an example for development of user satisfaction of urban parks in the developing countries.

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