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Öğe Analyzing dynamic curve widening on forest roads(Northeast Forestry Univ, 2017) Akgul, Mustafa; Demir, Murat; Akay, Abdullah EminForest roads require important design specifications to ensure all-season access for various vehicles. Long and heavy log trucks can face serious maneuvering problems on forest roads due to insufficient amount of area to the left for road widening on horizontal curves. In order to provide safe and continuous shipment and transportation, appropriate curve widening areas should be provided for long vehicles along horizontal curves. In this study, a statistical model was developed to provide curve-widening solutions for long trucks (e.g., those with 18 wheels) considering various curve radius and deflection angles. The dynamic curve widening feature of Plateia 2013 program was employed to calculate curve widening for the specified vehicle. During the solution process, nine different horizontal curve diameters from 10 to 50 m (by 5 m intervals) and 17 different deflection angles from 90A degrees to 170A degrees (by 5A degrees intervals) were evaluated to run horizontal curve-widening analysis. Using a multiple regression model, we made suitable predictions about curve widening. The curve-widening areas decrease as the horizontal curve radius increases, while increasing the deflection angle on horizontal curves increases curve widening areas. Clearly, the computer-based dynamic curve widening model developed in this study can be effectively used in determining optimum widening for horizontal curves by evaluating the number of alternatives that fit geometrical specifications and vehicle types.Öğe Assesment of Optimum Timber Extraction Methods Using Geographic Information System-Based Multi-Criteria Decision Support Method(Aves, 2024) Tas, Inanc; Akay, Abdullah Emin; Eker, Mehmet; Gumues, Selcuk; Demir, Murat; Acar, H. Hulusi; Ozdemir, MehmetTimber extraction is a time-consuming and difficult stage of producing the wood-based forest products, involving economic and ecological sensitivity. In this study, it was aimed to determine the optimum extraction methods in terms of productivity and environmental effects by integrating the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method with geographic information systems (GIS). The study was implemented in the coniferous stands located within the borders of Baharlar Forest Enterprise Chief (FEC) in Ayvac & imath;k Forest Enterprise Directorate (FED) in Bal & imath;kesir in T & uuml;rkiye. The main criteria in AHP were slope, skidding (transporting) distance, soil factor, stand age and yield. In the study, tractor skidding, tractor winching, chute system and skyline yarding methods were evaluated by considering environmental effects including residual tree damage and potential impacts on forest soil. In the solution phase, a total of eight suitability maps were produced for four extraction methods for productivity and environmental effects assessment. After the suitability maps were generated, digital data layers of working time were produced for each extraction method using equations about machine working times obtained from previous studies. As a result of the study, it was determined that skidding distance and slope were the criteria with the highest impact in almost all extraction methods for productivity and environmental aspects. In tractor skidding, it was found that soil factor and skidding distance have the highest impact in terms of environmental effects. When considering productivity, the results showed that the most commonly preferred extraction method was the tractor winching (43.30%), followed by the tractor skidding (25.34%). While the chute system was preferred in approximately 20.92% of the area, the least preferred method was the skyline yarding (10.44%). When evaluated in terms of environmental effects, it was determined that tractor skidding (34.02%) was widely preferred, followed by chute system (26.95%), tractor winching (20.96%) and skyline yarding (18.07%).Öğe Assesment of Optimum Timber Extraction Methods Using Geographic Information System-Based Multi-Criteria Decision Support Method(2024) Tas, Inanç; Akay, Abdullah Emin; Eker, Mehmet; Gumus, Selcuk; Demir, Murat; Acar, Hafiz Hulusi; Özdemir, MehmetTimber extraction is a time-consuming and difficult stage of producing the wood-based forest products, involving eco- nomic and ecological sensitivity. In this study, it was aimed to determine the optimum extraction methods in terms of productivity and environmental effects by integrating the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method with geographic information systems (GIS). The study was implemented in the coniferous stands located within the borders of Baharlar Forest Enterprise Chief (FEC) in Ayvacık Forest Enterprise Directorate (FED) in Balıkesir in Türkiye. The main criteria in AHP were slope, skidding (transporting) distance, soil factor, stand age and yield. In the study, tractor skidding, tractor winching, chute system and skyline yarding methods were evaluated by considering environmental effects including residual tree damage and potential impacts on forest soil. In the solution phase, a total of eight suitability maps were produced for four extraction methods for productivity and environmental effects assessment. After the suitability maps were generated, dig- ital data layers of working time were produced for each extraction method using equations about machine working times obtained from previous studies. As a result of the study, it was determined that skidding distance and slope were the criteria with the highest impact in almost all extraction methods for productivity and environmental aspects. In tractor skidding, it was found that soil factor and skidding distance have the highest impact in terms of environmental effects. When con- sidering productivity, the results showed that the most commonly preferred extraction method was the tractor winching (43.30%), followed by the tractor skidding (25.34%). While the chute system was preferred in approximately 20.92% of the area, the least preferred method was the skyline yarding (10.44%). When evaluated in terms of environmental effects, it was determined that tractor skidding (34.02%) was widely preferred, followed by chute system (26.95%), tractor winching (20.96%) and skyline yarding (18.07%).Öğe İnsansız hava araçları ile yüksek hassasiyette sayısal yükseklik modeli üretimi ve ormancılıkta kullanım olanakları(2016) Akgül, Mustafa; Yurtseven, Hüseyin; Demir, Murat; Akay, Abdullah Emin; Gülci, Sercan; Öztürk, Tolgaİnsansız Hava Araçları (İHA), aerodinamik uçuş prensiplerine göre aralıksız olarak otomatik ya da yarı otomatik uçabilme özelliğine sahip içerisinde uçuş ekibi (pilot) olmadan hareket eden araçlardır. Çalışma kapsamında İ.Ü.Eğitim Araştırma ve Uygulama Ormanı araştırma alanı olarak belirlenmiş olup, sayısal yükseklik modeli (SYM) verilerinin üretilmesi ve yüksek hassasiyette görüntü alımında uçabilen taşıyıcı platform olarak Trimble UX5 marka yeni nesil autonom İHA ve tümleşik yer kontrol sistemleri kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen görüntü verileri, Trimble Business Center (TBC) v3.1 fotogrametri yazılımı kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışma kapsamında, İHA ile uçuş yüksekliğine bağlı olarak 2,4 cm ile 24 cm arasında görüntü çözünürlüğe sahip hassas veriler elde edilebildiği tespit edilmiştir. Ülkemizdeki ormanlık alanlara ait Lidar verileri gibi daha hassas verilerin henüz elde edilememesi nedeniyle insansız hava araçları ormancılık çalışmaları için yüksek hassasiyette çalışmalarda katkı sağlayacak önemli bir araç olacağı sonucuna varılmıştır. İnsansız hava araçlarının ormancılık çalışmalarında kullanılmasında karşılaşılabilecek mevcut dezavantajlar ise, İHA uçuşları konusunda eğitimli personel eksikliği ile inişte uçak bütünlüğünün korunması olduğu görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada, İHA ve sistemlerinin bütün aşamaları ile değerlendirilmiş ve test edilmiştir. Ormancılık çalışmalarında, ihtiyaç duyulan coğrafi bilgi sistemi verilerinin elde edilmesinde İHA olanakları kullanımının yarar sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. SYM (Sayısal Yüzey Modeli) verilerinin hassasiyeti bakımından detaylı olarak değerlendirilen görüntü alımlarının LIDAR ve IFSAR verilerinin sahip olduğu hassasiyete nispeten sahip olmadığı, ancak maliyet bakımından karşılaştırıldığında oldukça verimli alternatif fotogrametrik bir araç olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.Öğe SLOPE EFFECT ON THE SEDIMENT PRODUCTION OF FOREST ROADS IN KASTAMONU OF TURKEY(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2018) Erdem, Ramazan; Enez, Korhan; Demir, Murat; Sarıyıldız, TemelThe purpose of this study was to determine actual amount of sediment productions of paved (PFR) and unpaved (UPFR) forest roads at different longitudinal slope groups (2-4%, 4-6%, 6-8%, 8-12%) were compared to undisturbed forest land (UA) in Kastamonu-Arac of Turkey with the help of the sediment traps. It was determinated that the total annual amount of sediments from the UPFR was found to be significantly higher than the amounts of sediments from the PFR and UA according to the slope groups. There were statistically significant differences between the amounts of sedimentation from the forest roads sides and within the UA (0.05Öğe Usage opportunities of generating digital elevation model with unmanned aerial vehicles on forestry(Istanbul Univ, 2016) Akgul, Mustafa; Yurtseven, Huseyin; Demir, Murat; Akay, Abdullah Emin; Gulci, Sercan; Ozturk, TolgaUnmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are sustained in flight by aerodynamic lift and guided without an onboard crew, they may be expandeble or recoverable and can fly autonomously or semiautonomously. Within the scope of study, new generation series autonomous UAV brand which is Trimble UX5 is used for generating high accuracy digital model model and obtaining high accuracy image in Istanbul University research and application forest. These obtained images are evaluated with photogrammetry software Trimble Business Center (TBC) v3. 1. In this study it was determined that we can obtan high accuracy data image resolution from 2.4 cm to 24 cm depending on the flight altitude with UAV. It was concluded that UAV systems can contribute in forestry work yo obtain sensitive data because of there is no other high accuracy data such as LIDAR. And lack of trained personnel in UAV flights is disadvantages. In this study, UAV and it's systems were evaluated and tested in all steps. It was expected that geographic information data which requiered forestry applications, can be easly be obtain with UAV. When digital surface model (DSM) data was assessed comprehensively, it was concluded that the data which obtained from UAV systems are more cheaper, productive and from LIDAR and IFSAR data. At the same time UAV data are relatively sensitive such LIDAR and IFSAR.
