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    Development of ZnFeCe Layered Double Hydroxide Incorporated Thin Film Nanocomposite Membrane with Enhanced Separation Performance and Antibacterial Properties
    (Mdpi, 2023) Balcik, Cigdem; Ozbey-Unal, Bahar; Sahin, Busra; Buse Aydin, Ecem; Cifcioglu-Gozuacik, Bengisu; Keyikoglu, Ramazan; Khataee, Alireza
    Developing thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes by incorporating nanomaterials into the selective polyamide (PA) layer is an effective strategy to improve separation and antibacterial properties. In this study, TFN nanofiltration (NF) membranes were fabricated by interfacial polymerization of piperazine (PIP) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) with the addition of Zinc-Iron-Cerium (ZnFeCe) layered double hydroxide (LDH). The improved surface hydrophilicity of TFN membranes was investigated by water contact angle analyses and pure water flux measurements. Successful production of the PA layer on the membrane surface was determined by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) images showed that the addition of LDH into the membrane resulted in a smoother surface. The scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) mapping of TFN membrane proved the presence of Ce, Fe, and Zn elements, indicating the successful addition of LDH nanoparticles on the membrane surface. TFN 3 membrane was characterized with the highest flux resulting in 161% flux enhancement compared to the pristine thin film composite (TFC) membrane. All membranes showed great rejection performances (with a rejection higher than 95% and 88% for Na2SO4 and MgSO4, respectively) for divalent ions. Additionally, TFN membranes exhibited excellent antibacterial and self-cleaning properties compared to the pristine TFC membrane.
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    Fabrication of PSf nanocomposite membranes incorporated with ZnFe layered double hydroxide for separation and antifouling aspects
    (Elsevier, 2022) Balcik, Cigdem; Ozbey-Unal, Bahar; Cifcioglu-Gozuacik, Bengisu; Keyikoglu, Ramazan; Karagunduz, Ahmet; Khataee, Alireza
    Herein, we report the effect of blending of various concentrations of ZnFe layered double hydroxide (LDH) on the filtration, antifouling, and antibacterial performances of Polysulfone (PSf) nanocomposite membranes for BSA and dye separation. ZnFe LDH with a molar ratio of M2+:M3+=3:1 was synthesized by the co-precipitation method. The PSf-ZnFe LDH nanocomposite membranes exhibited higher hydrophilicity (the lowest contact angle value of 64.42 & nbsp;), porosity (up to 58.7), and mean pore radius compared to the pristine PSf membrane. The water flux of the PSf-ZnFe LDH nanocomposite membrane (LDH content of 2.0 wt% of PSf) was 105 L/m(2)h, which is 2.3 times higher than the flux of pristine PSf membrane of 45 L/m(2)h. The rejection ratios for the fabricated membranes were 93%, 83%, and 16% for BSA, reactive red 198, and methylene blue, respectively. Additionally, 2.0 wt% ZnFe LDH incorporated membrane demonstrated better antifouling performance with a flux recovery ratio (FRR) of 95% compared to the pristine PSf membrane with 42% of FRR. Consequently, a bacterial viability inhibition test was utilized to determine the antibacterial properties, and the ZnFe LDH exhibited a high inhibition capacity. The fabricated PSf-ZnFe LDH nanocomposite membranes exhibited a higher filtration, antifouling, and antimicrobial performance as compared to pristine PSf.