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    Change in Some Heavy Metal Concentrations in Forest Trees by Species, Organ, and Soil Depth
    (2023) Erdem, Ramazan; Arıcak, Burak; Cetin, Mehmet; Sevik, Hakan
    Heavy metal pollution is one of the most important environmental problems nowadays, and studies on monitoring and reducing heavy metal pollution are among the popular and high-priority study subjects. It was stated that the most effective instrument in monitoring heavy metal pollution and reducing pollution is the plants. However, the heavy metal accumulation potential remarkably differs among the organs of plants. Within the scope of this study, the concentrations of Cu, Mn, and Al, which are among the most dangerous and important heavy metals for human health, in the soils in which forest tree species Pinus nigra Arnold., Pinus silvestris L., Fagus orientalis Libsky., and Abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmülleriana Mattf. are grown and analyzed at different soil depths and in leaf, bark, wood, cone, and root organs. As a result, the highest concentrations were found in cone and bark for Cu, leaf for Mn, and root for Al. For this reason, among the elements examined here, it is estimated that Mn is taken into the plant body mainly from the air through leaves, and Al is mainly taken from the soil via roots. The results obtained here suggest that the transfer of all three elements between organs was very limited and that species utilize elements in the soil at different levels. Study results might provide important information about which species can be used in reducing heavy metal pollution in which environment.
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    The Change of the Concentrations of Boron and Sodium in Some Forest Soils Depending on Plant Species
    (2023) Erdem, Ramazan; Cetin, Mehmet; Arıcak, Burak; Sevik, Hakan
    Plant growth is largely related to soil structure, nutrients, and climatic factors. In agricultural soils, the amount of nutrients in the soil can be changed significantly by fertilization, whereas the bedrock’s characteristics largely shape soil nutrient con- tent in forested areas. Therefore, the accumulation level of each element in different organs of the plants is different, and the nutrient content in the soil differs according to the plant species. The organ samples (leaf, bark, wood, cone, and root) were taken from the relevant trees, and soil samples from the surface (0–5 cm), moderate (20–30 cm), and deep (50–60 cm) depths under the trees. The dried samples were combusted in special microwave ovens and turned into a solution. Then, using the ICP-OES device, the boron (B) and sodium (Na) element analyses were conducted. By using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 22.0 package software, the data were subjected to variance analysis and Duncan’s test. The data were then simplified and interpreted by tabularizing. In this study, the concentrations of B and Na in the leaves, bark, wood, roots, and cones of black pine, scotch pine, oriental beech, and Turkish fir trees grown in a limited area in a similar land structure were determined. These concentrations were compared with the concentrations at different depth levels of the soil. It was to determine how the B and Na concentrations changed depending on the species, organ, and soil depth.