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Öğe Analysis of the effects of the first phase of COVID-19 pandemic on mobility choices in Italy by a multi-criteria approach(Palacky University Olomouc, 2022) Campisi, Tiziana; Moslem, Sarbast; Duleba, Szabolcs; Tanbay, Nurten Akgün; Szmelter–Jarosz, Agnieszka; Tesoriere, GiovanniCOVID-19 pandemic has caused changes in logistics and mobility. Concerning Italian road mobility, between March and April 2020, there has been a reduction in traffic for both light vehicles and heavy goods vehicles. Italy was the first European country to implement a total lockdown, starting on March 9th, causing a deep contraction in road traffic. This paper explores the main differences in mobility choices before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. A multi-criteria decision-making method was selected for the analysis of questionnaire survey data. The fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process was applied, considering eight mobility types: bus, tram, taxi, train, shared vehicles, multiple modes, walking and car. An evaluation process was adopted for the modal mobility choices of the residents of Sicily, Italy. The results show a significant decline in mobility demand during the first phase of the pandemic, especially in public transport mode. The findings provide a deeper understanding of the need to implement strategies to respect the constraints generated by the pandemic and revive the penalised transport and mobility-related sectors. Furthermore, the study’s findings provide valuable insights for the policymakers, both national and local, about the mobility results of the lockdown and can be used as a forecast benchmark for planning the restrictions in the future, in case of another unexpected phenomenon, e.g., pandemic. © 2022 The Author(s).Öğe Anxiety, fear and stress feelings of road users during daily walking in COVID-19 pandemic: Sicilian cities(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Campisi, Tiziana; Basbas, Socrates; Trouva, Mirto; Papas, Thomas; Akgün, Nurten; Stamatiadis, Nikiforos; Tesoriere, GiovanniThe COVID-19 pandemic has significantly influenced people's lifestyles including their travel choices. The pandemic resulted in placing restrictions in travelling throughout Italy due to the obligatory need for social distancing and changes in public transport services. City residents changed their mobility patterns and started using their private vehicles more often instead of public transport, while choosing to walk or cycle for short distance trips. Governments and local authorities encouraged citizens to use sustainable travel modes, particularly walking, during the pandemic period. However, the high number of infections and deaths, especially in Italy, has strongly influenced the propensity of walking due to the emotional aspects of travelling. This paper presents a statistical analysis based on data gathered through a questionnaire in urban areas of Sicily focusing on travel by walking for either leisure or work. The evaluation of negative emotions that people who habitually walk for short distances in the study areas is the main focus of the present work.The data indicated a variation between three emotions: anxiety, stress, and fear. These emotions had a potential to influence people's daily life and, as a result, their travel habits. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.Öğe Exploring Public Opinion on Personal Mobility Vehicle Use: A Case Study in Palermo, Italy(Mdpi, 2020) Campisi, Tiziana; Akgün Tanbay, Nurten; Ticali, Dario; Tesoriere, GiovanniThe Sustainable Urban Mobility Planning (SUMP) process deals with barriers to improve accessibility and quality of life in urban mobility. Public opinion is highly essential for this process because it presents the real needs of road users. This paper illustrates the influence of public opinion on using Private Mobility Vehicle (PMV) in urban. A survey was carried out with 400 participants in Palermo, Italy. The results suggested that there was heterogeneity in gender and age groups in subcategories which represented people who use, do not use, and completely reject, using PMVs in urban. In addition, it was explored that there was a statistically significant relationship at 95% confidence level between sociodemographic characteristics (gender and age groups) and public opinion on PMV using. Employment status was found as an important parameter in transport planning. It was also showed that there was an inconsistency between local and national results. The results suggested that sociodemographic characteristics and public opinion should be investigated in further studies. In addition, a participatory planning process should be carried out to monitor for reliable evaluation in urban transport planning.Öğe Gender-Responsive Public Transportation in the Dammam Metropolitan Region, Saudi Arabia(Mdpi, 2020) Al-Rashid, Muhammad Ahmad; Nahiduzzaman, Kh Md; Ahmed, Sohel; Campisi, Tiziana; Akgün Tanbay, NurtenThe limited availability of public transportation in Saudi Arabia leads to an increased demand for private vehicles. An increase in using private cars does not meet the global sustainability goals, e.g., reducing energy consumption and improving the air quality. Road users should be encouraged to use sustainable mobility modes, particularly public transportation, equally accessible to both men and women However, women's mobility has been somewhat limited and challenged in spatio-temporal terms, and partly due to socio-cultural barriers. This study attempts to understand the gender experience of a sample of public transport users and consider their aspirations and needs into daily mobility. A survey campaign (structured interviews and online questionnaires) was launched in the Dammam Metropolitan Region (DMR), taking four different types of respondents into account. The results suggest a predominant preference for taxis for shopping and leisure activities due to a poor public transport service, pivotally characterized by limited operational routes, hours, and infrastructure. This study ponders upon the adequacy of the supporting infrastructures and interior design of the public buses to women's needs and compare them with global best practices. The results suggest that, due to the absence of a gender-responsive design and infrastructure, women are forced to use taxis, although privacy and a sense of insecurity often become concerns when traveling alone or with children. The study results allow future research to be expanded, considering women's mobility patterns, needs, and embedded barriers by comparing the results with current transport policies, plans, and practices.Öğe GENERALIZED ORDERED LOGIT MODEL WITH TESTING ASSUMPTIONS: A CASE STUDY OF USING URBAN LIGHT RAIL IN BURSA(Univ Zilina, 2024) Akgun, Nurten; Campisi, Tiziana; Sunar, Muhammed TalhaLogistic regression has been a widely used prediction technique to analyze categorical variables. However, if the assumptions are violated the results may be biased. The study in this paper applied an analytical technique namely generalized ordered logit model. A case study of using urban light rail under pandemic conditions was applied for the analysis. The results suggested that logistic regression should not be applied before exploring the multicollinearity and applying the test of parallel lines. If the assumptions are violated, generalized ordered logit model should be considered. Regarding the predictive variables, sociodemographic, socioeconomic and travel pattern, related variables were found to have a statistically significant impact on the perception of safety and infrastructure of urban light rail. The outcomes of the study would provide a deeper understanding of developing regression models for categorical variables for future studies.Öğe Modelling Road User Perceptions towards Safety, Comfort, and Chaos at Shared Space: The via Maqueda Case Study, Italy(Wiley-Hindawi, 2022) Akgun-Tanbay, Nurten; Campisi, Tiziana; Tanbay, Tayfun; Tesoriere, Giovanni; Dissanayake, DilumThis study aims to investigate the impacts of perception of infrastructure, sociodemographic characteristics, frequency of road use, and road user perception on safety, comfort, and chaos with respect to shared spaces. The case study area was the Via Maqueda, a shared street in Palermo, Italy. A face-to-face survey was conducted and the answers of 200 of the participants, who use three active travel modes, namely, walking, cycling, and micromobility, were analysed. The results obtained from the ordered logit models suggest that one-unit higher perception of infrastructure will increase safety and comfort perceptions for both walking and cycling. Females feel less safe while walking and less comfortable while cycling at shared spaces compared to males. Increasing the age group by one unit will decrease the safety and comfort perceptions for walking. The participants who use the shared spaces more frequently perceive that they feel more comfortable with cycling. Participants, particularly males, find the shared spaces less chaotic for walking when the perception of infrastructure is higher. Regarding the micromobility use at shared spaces, females feel less comfortable compared to males while using micromobility.Öğe Preface of the "the Development of Sustainable and Accessible Infrastructure and Modelling" (DSAIM-2021)(American Institute of Physics Inc., 2022) Campisi, Tiziana; Acampa, Giovanna; Tanbay, Nurten Akgün; Torrisi, Vincenza[Abstract Not Available]Öğe SOME CONSIDERATIONS ON THE KEY FACTORS DETERMINING THE REDUCTION OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT DEMAND IN SICILY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC(WITPress, 2022) Campisi, Tiziana; Basbas, Socrates; Tanbay, Nurten Akgün; Georgiadis, GeorgiosThe development of transport services and infrastructures strongly depends on the characterization of the different types of road users who travel daily from one place to another for a specific purpose. In the case of a public transport (PT) system, it is essential to understand the dynamics of passenger choices in order to optimize the use of the service provided (e.g. location of stops, frequency of service, departure and arrival times of bus lines). The recent COVID-19 pandemic has led to the implementation of a number of measures, both by governments (such as social distancing) and by PT agencies (such as limiting the number of passengers on board), which have influenced the propensity to use this transport mode. Since May 2020, there has been an increase in the number of vehicles in circulation in Sicily, Italy, after the lockdown phase, which has clearly led to an interesting study of emerging behaviours and habits among different people. This paper attempts to identify the factors that led to reduced PT demand in Sicily after the lockdown period. Empirical findings indicated that the decrease of scheduled PT services, the limitations on the maximum people on board, the general fear of COVID-19 infection and the failure of PT system to properly adapt to the modified business hour environment have been important PT-discouraging factors in Sicily. These findings were not significantly differentiated among the various sociodemographic groups of travellers. This research can provide valuable knowledge for the optimization of urban and intercity PT services under extreme conditions such as the COVID-19 pandemic. It may also favour the diffusion of sustainable mobility strategies and disincentivize the use of the private car while also improving road safety and environmental cleanliness in urban and interurban space. © 2021 WIT Press.Öğe The development of electric 2 and 3-Wheelers for low carbon passenger transport: A long-term benefits assessment(American Institute of Physics Inc., 2022) Campisi, Tiziana; Ali, Nazam; Akgün, Nurten; Canale, Antonino; Tesoriere, GiovanniShared mobility can play an important role in many of the nations by reducing negative impacts of traffic. The emergency of the shared mobility concept makes it possible to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals by meeting with the decarbonization strategies such as Green Deal and 2030 Agenda. In the near future, it is expected that shared mobility and innovative transport systems will reshape urban mobility by reducing negative impacts on environment and promoting smart and sustainable travel options. More in particular, electric based shared mobility modes could represent the future with being more environment-friendly and energy-efficient. Among different types of shared means of transport, rickshaws have been becoming popular in South-East Asia, which initially involved as human traction, large size, and traditional pedicab tricycles but have evolved into electrified vehicles. Low-cost Chinese models were the first electric rickshaws which become popular. Currently, electric rickshaws are commonly used in many of the countries in Asia, particularly in China, India, Bangladesh, and Nepal. Some European countries, such as Switzerland, France and Germany, have researched and developed shared electric bike (e-bike) and electric bike taxi (ebike-taxi) services and have been trying to capture the growing market in Asia. The governments in European countries are making serious efforts to improve the number of these mode of transport by making policies such as issuing license with reduced fee. In this paper, the uptake of using shared e-bikes, ebike-taxis and electric rickshaws is presented. The benefits of using these modes in urban areas and the critical issues related to the diffusion are also discussed. This study lays foundation for the improvement of different urban planning and mobility strategies in Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans by providing critical suggestions, which are fundamental for the development of best practices as a guiding tool for local authorities and mobility service providers. © 2022 Author(s).Öğe The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Resilience of Sustainable Mobility in Sicily(Mdpi, 2020) Campisi, Tiziana; Basbas, Socrates; Skoufas, Anastasios; Akgün Tanbay, Nurten; Ticali, Dario; Tesoriere, GiovanniThe COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in unprecedented measures changing travel habits in many countries. Many users have started to prefer traveling by private cars, which is against the sustainability policies of the European cities. The necessity of gaining a deeper understanding of road users' travel habit changes, their feelings on public transport use, and their perceptions of using sustainable urban mobility modes has emerged for future transport planning. Considering these facts, the study in this paper aimed to investigate the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on road users' perceptions, needs, and use of sustainable travel modes (i.e., public transport, walking, and cycling). An online survey was carried out during the period from March to May 2020 in the case study area, Sicily of Southern Italy. Regarding the population of the case study, the survey was representative, with 431 individuals. The survey included variables, namely gender, age, city of residence, private car ownership, walking and cycling frequency before and during the pandemic, public transport use frequency for leisure activities before and during the pandemic, need for remote working, and the stress and anxiety perception of using public transport during the pandemic. The analysis started with descriptive statistics and it was followed by correlation analysis in order to explore the characteristics of the dataset and relationship between variables. It was found that these were not statistically significantly correlated at a 95% confidence level. An ordinal regression model was applied for determining the predictions. The results suggested that women were less likely to walk during the pandemic than men. Participants were more likely to resume remote work even after the second phase in order to reduce their daily travel needs and keep their isolation. Participants have expressed a positive opinion on the use of micromobility during pandemic situations. These results can be considered as a basis for sustainable urban planning and a guide for decision-makers who aim to encourage the use of public transport, walking, cycling, and micromobility.Öğe Uptake of e-Scooters in Palermo, Italy: Do the Road Users Tend to Rent, Buy or Share?(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Campisi, Tiziana; Akgün Tanbay, Nurten; Md Nahiduzzaman, Kh.; Dissanayake, DilumThe uptake of micro-mobility, particularly the use of e-scooters has exponentially grown in Europe. The EU strategies have led to promote the decisions of purchasing, renting and/or sharing e-scooters by making some vital changes to the infrastructure. Several companies have made it possible to rent or share vehicles, while many manufacturers have marketed different models. During the COVID-19 pandemic, e-scooters have become widely popular for short distance travel in Italy as they allow the potential to maintain a social distancing. This paper aims to explore the uptake of e-scooters with an attention to propensity to buy, rent or share those sustainable urban mobility alternatives as well as user perceptions and frequency of use by comparing the periods before and during the third phase of the pandemic. Two sets of surveys were carried out with 200 participants who habitually use e-scooters in Palermo, Italy. 77.5% of the participants had to commute to work during the third phase of the pandemic. Majority of the participants preferred e-scooters as they were economic and environmentally friendly. Road users tended to buy or rent e-scooters during the third phase of the pandemic but they hesitated to share. The results of this study will enhance our understanding of the demand for micro-mobility in the context of interest and will allow for a better planning in consideration to the available options to purchase, share and rent.
