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    Effects of trace elements (Fe, Cu, Ni, Co and Mg) on biomethane production from paper mill wastewater
    (Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2023) Toprak, Dilan; Yilmaz, Tulay; Gulpinar, Kerem; Yucel, Amine; Cakmak, Yakup; Ucar, Deniz
    Trace elements have a significant effect on biochemical reactions and therefore the presence of optimum levels of trace elements is essential for bioreactor performances. In this study, the effects of five trace elements on biomethane production have been investigated. Experimental studies have been carried out with multiple batch reactors at 15 day HRT and mesophilic temperatures. The optimum concentrations for each of the trace elements Fe, Cu, Ni, Co and Mg were found as 5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5 and 100 mg/L, respectively. Among tested trace elements, Cu was the one which provided the highest biomethane production. Cu addition was resulted in a 46 % increase in biomethane production followed by Co with 24 %. The biomethane production rate for these two trace elements was 191.70 and 110.77 ml CH4/g COD, respectively. Optimum levels for Ni, Fe and Mg increased biomethane production rate by approximately 14.3, 10 and 17 % compared to control groups, respectively. Because the exact amount of trace element requirement for each industry/reactor is different, specific case studies should be performed for each application. These results could be used as initial trace element concentrations for further continuous studies.
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    Impact of temperature and biomass augmentation on biosulfur-driven autotrophic denitrification in membrane bioreactors treating real nitrate-contaminated groundwater
    (Elsevier, 2022) Demir, Ozlem; Atasoy, Ayse Dilek; Calis, Bedia; Cakmak, Yakup; Di Capua, Francesco; Sahinkaya, Erkan; Ucar, Deniz
    Nitrate (NO3-) contamination of groundwater is a major health concern worldwide as it can lead to serious illnesses such as methemoglobinemia and cancer. Autotrophic denitrification is a smart approach for treating groundwater, being typically organic-deficient. Lately, biogenic sulfur (S-bio(0)) has emerged as a sustainable, free, and high-efficiency substrate to fuel membrane bioreactors (MBRs) treating contaminated groundwater. However, the effects of moderate temperature and biomass concentration on the performance and fouling of the S-bio(0)-fed MBR were not investigated previously. This study shows that biomass levels of similar to 1 g MLVSS/L limit membrane fouling but also denitrification efficiency. Biomass augmentation up to 3 g MLVSS/L enhanced denitrification but worsened fouling due to increase of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) levels in the bulk liquid. Temperature decrease from 30 degrees C to 20 degrees C halved denitrification efficiency, which could be partially recovered through bioaugmentation. The mechanisms affected by temperature decrease, practical applications, and future research needs were discussed.
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    Treatment of textile industry effluents with up-flow anaerobic sulfidogenic reactor
    (Wiley, 2024) Ozkaymak, Gulayse; Sahan, Aybuke Nur; Yakamercan, Elif; Cakmak, Yakup; Ucar, Deniz
    BACKGROUNDDyes present in textile wastewater can pose various environmental problems, including toxicity, carcinogenicity and mutagenicity, when released into receiving environments. Sulfidogenic bacteria play a crucial role in wastewater treatment by reducing sulfate and producing sulfide through the utilization of organic compounds in water. The resulting sulfide often transfers its electrons to another electron acceptor. This study focused on the treatment of real textile wastewater using an up-flow sulfidogenic column bioreactor.RESULTSThe reactor was acclimated to sulfate-reducing conditions when influent chemical oxygen demand and sulfate concentrations were 1742 and 2000 mg L-1, respectively. Subsequently, a gradual transition was made from sulfate-reducing conditions to dye-reducing conditions. Throughout the study, the hydraulic retention time was maintained at 1 day.CONCLUSIONThe influent dye concentration was 2722 Pt-Co, and an impressive dye removal efficiency of approximately 90 +/- 2% was achieved. This corresponds to a removal rate of 2450 Pt-Co L-1 day-1. Although the sulfide concentration in the reactor decreased in the last period, investigating the extent to which this sulfide participates in the dye removal may expand the use of sulfidogenic reactors in the treatment of real textile industry wastewater. (c) 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).