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    Enhanced antibacterial and genoprotective properties of nanoliposomal Satureja hortensis L. essential oil
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2025) Cagal, Munevver Muge; Taner, Gokce; Kalayci, Sadik; Duman, Gulengul
    Nanoliposomes are drug delivery systems that improve bioavailability by encapsulating therapeutic agents. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of nanoliposomal (NL) formulation on enhancing the bioavailability of essential oil. The essential oil of Satureja hortensis (SHO) was encapsulated in nanoliposomes (SHNLs). Physicochemical characterizations of NL formulations (size, charge, polydispersity index [PDI]) were evaluated by dynamic light scattering technique. The nanoliposome encapsulation efficiency (EE) was calculated as 89.90%. The prepared bionanosystems demonstrated significant antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli ATCC 10536, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC as determined by the agar diffusion method and microdilution tests. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for SHNLs were found to be 5.187 mu g/mu L for E. coli and 2.59 mu g/mu L for both P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Importantly, despite the lower substance content, both SHNLs and SHO exhibited comparable antibacterial activity against all tested strains. Furthermore, in order to determine the toxicity profile and possible effects on DNA damage or repair both the genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of SHNLs were assessed using the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus (CBMN) method in human lymphocyte cultures. The experimental data collectively indicate that the NL formulation of the S. hortensis essential oil enhances antibacterial activities and provides genoprotective effects against DNA damage. This highlights the significance of liposomal formulations of antioxidants in augmenting their biological activity. The results indicate that SHNLs can be a safe antibacterial agent for the pharmaceutical industry.
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    Nanoliposomal juglone/?-cyclodextrin complex as a biocontrol strategy against plant pathogenic bacteria
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2026) Bezir, Kubra; Horuz, Sumer; Acar, Serap; Cagal, Munevver Muge
    Tomatoes are susceptible to a variety of pathogens, including bacteria, which can significantly impact plant yield and quality. The application of natural antibacterial agents, such as juglone, has shown promise in the biocontrol of these pathogens. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of liposomal encapsulation on enhancing the bioavailability of juglone as a biocontrol agent. The entrapment of juglone in nanoliposomes as water-soluble cyclodextrin complexes represents a novel strategy that merges the distinct advantages of these two systems into one. In this study, the juglone/beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex was successfully encapsulated in nanoliposomes (J/beta-CD/L). Physicochemical and morphological characterizations of the formulations were conducted. The release of juglone from liposomes exhibited a cumulative release of 46.73% at 72 hours. The MIC values of the J/beta-CD/L molecule against plant pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain SH-1 (Pst), Xanthomonas euvesicatoria strain SH-2 (Xeu), and Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis strain SH-3 (Cmm) were 68.93 mu g/mL, 34.47 mu g/mL, and 68.93 mu g/mL, respectively. These MIC values were found to be lower than free juglone. Based on the seed germination results, the prepared formulation did not show any phytotoxic effect on tomato seeds at the applied concentrations. Thus, the nanoliposomal encapsulation technique appears to be a promising method for enhancing the antibacterial effectiveness of juglone as a biocontrol agent.
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    Nanoliposomal system for augmented antibacterial and antiproliferative efficacy of Melissa officinalis L. extract
    (Oxford Univ Press, 2024) Nizam, Nagihan; Taner, Gokce; Cagal, Munevver Muge
    Objective This study focused on the nanoliposomal encapsulation of bioactive compounds extracted from Melissa officinalis L. (ME) using ethanol as a strategy to improve the antibacterial activity, anticytotoxic, and antiproliferative properties.Methods Nanoliposomes loaded with ME (MEL) were characterized for total phenolic content, particle size, polydispersity, and encapsulation efficiency. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for MEL and ME were determined to evaluate antibacterial activity. To examine the toxicity profiles of ME and MEL, tests were conducted on the A549 and BEAS-2B cell lines using the MTT assay. Furthermore, an in vitro sctrach assay was conducted to evaluate the antiproliferative effects of ME and MEL on A549 cells.Results Nanoliposomes presented entrapment efficiency higher than 80%, nanometric particle size, and narrow polydispersity. The MIC values for MEL and ME were observed as 93.75 mu g/mu L against E. coli. MIC values for MEL and ME were achieved as 4.68 mu g/mu L and 9.375 mu g/mL against S. aureus, respectively. The IC50 values for ME were determined to be 1.13 mg/mL and 0.806 mg/mL, while the IC50 values for MEL were found to be 3.5 mg/mL and 0.868 mg/mL on A549 and BEAS-2B cell lines, respectively. Additionally, The MEL showed an antiproliferative effect against A549 cells at 500 mu g/mL concentration.Conclusion All experimental findings unequivocally demonstrate that the novel nanoliposomal system has effectively augmented the antibacterial activities and antiproliferative effects of ME. The initial findings indicate that nanoliposomes could effectively serve as carriers for ME in pharmaceutical applications.
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    Targeted delivery of seaweed bioactives: liposomal encapsulation of Ulva lactuca and Codium fragile for antibacterial enhancement
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2025) Ak, Esra; Guven, Pelin; Tuney, Inci; Cagal, Munevver Muge
    Seaweeds are promising natural sources of antimicrobials and antioxidants; however, their direct use is often limited by the lack of effective targeted delivery systems. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of liposomal encapsulation on enhancing the antimicrobial action of seaweed bioactives. A liposomal formulation was developed to encapsulate extracts from the green seaweeds Ulva lactuca and Codium fragile subsp. fragile, sourced from the Aegean Sea and the Marmara Sea. Physicochemical characterizations of liposomal formulations (size, charge, polydispersity index) were evaluated by dynamic light scattering technique. The encapsulation efficiency (EE%) of liposomal U. lactuca Marmara (Lipo-ULM), liposomal U. lactuca Aegean (Lipo-ULA), liposomal C. fragile subsp. fragile Marmara (Lipo-CM), liposomal C. fragile subsp. fragile Aegean (Lipo-CA) were calculated as 61.63, 70.73, 67.56, and 76.92, respectively. FTIR analysis has confirmed the encapsulation. Antibacterial activities of the free extracts and the liposomal formulations were evaluated against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays. Lipo-ULM and Lipo-ULA displayed MIC values of 1.25 mu g/mu L against both bacterial strains, compared to 2.5 mu g/mu L for their free extracts. Lipo-CM and Lipo-CA showed even more activity, with MIC values of 0.0025 mu g/mu L, while the free extracts of CM and CA presented 0.0050 mu g/mu L. Furthermore, free and liposomal encapsulated extracts revealed similar DPPH radical scavenging capacity. This study presents a novel liposomal encapsulation system that holds promise for enhancing the effectiveness of edible seaweed extracts as antibacterial agents for application in the pharmaceutical and food industries.