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Acacia catechu ethanolic bark extract induces apoptosis in human oral squamous carcinoma cells
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2017) Lakshmi, Thangavelu; Ezhilarasan, Devaraj; Vijayaragavan, Rajagopal; Bhullar, Sukhwinder Kaur; Rajendran, Ramasamy
Oral cancer is in approximately 30% of all cencers in India. This study was conducted to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of ethanolic extract of Acacia catechu bark (ACB) against human squamous cell carcinoma cell line-25 (SCC-25). Cytotoxic effect of ACB extract was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium Bromide assay. A. catechu extract was treated SCC-25 cells with 50 mu g/mL for 24h. Apoptosis markers such as capases-8 and 9, bcl-2, bax, and cytochrome c(Cyt-c) were done by RT-PCR. Morphological changes of ACB treated cells were evaluated using acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) dual staining. Nuclear morphology and DNA fragmentation were evaluated using propidum iodide (PI) straining. Further, cell cycle analysis was performed using flow cytometry.A. catechu treatment caused cytotoxicity in SCC-25 cells with an IC50 of 52.09 mu g/mL. Apoptotic marker gene expressions were significantly increased on ACB tratment. Staining with AO/EB and PI shows membrane biebbing and nuclear membrane disortion, respectively, and it confirms the apoptosis induction in SCC-25 cells. These results suggest that ACB extract can be used as a modulating agent in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Antibacterial activity of combination of synthetic and biopolymer non-woven structures
(Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2015) Bhullar, Sukhwinder Kaur; Özsel Kaya, Burçak; Yadav, R.; Kaur, G.; Chintamaneni, M.; Buttar, H.S.
Background: Fibrous structures and synthetic polymer blends offer potential usages in making biomedical devices, textiles used in medical practices, food packaging, tissue engineering, environmental applications and biomedical arena. These products are also excellent candidates for building scaffolds to grow stem cells for implantation, to make tissue engineering grafts, to make stents to open up blood vessels caused by atherosclerosis or narrowed by blood clots, for drug delivery systems for micro- to nano-medicines, for transdermal patches, and for healing of wounds and burn care. The current study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of woven and non-woven forms of nano- and macro-scale blended polymers having biocompatible and biodegradable characteristics. Methods: The antimicrobial activity of non-woven fibrous structures created with the combination of synthetic and biopolymer was assessed using Gram-negative, Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter aerogenes using pour plate method. Structural evaluation of the fabricated samples was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results: Broad spectrum antibacterial activities were found from the tested materials consisting of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with chitosan and nylon-6 combined with chitosan and formic acid. Conclusions: The combination of PVA with chitosan was more bactericidal or bacteriostatic than that of nylon-6 combined with chitosan and formic acid. PVA combination with chitosan appears to be a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent. © 2015 by De Gruyter 2015.
Characterization of auxetic polyurethanes foam for biomedical implants
(Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2014) Bhullar, Sukhwinder Kaur
Aging, accidents and diseases are the leading causes of disability in today's world. Therefore, implants and prostheses for hard and soft tissues are becoming increasingly common to restore daily activity and improve the quality of life of patients. Although implants have been extensively developed and are in the clinical use, deformation mechanism, inflexibility and mismatch of the elastic and mechanical behavior of the implants with native tissues are challenges for tissue engineering. The objective of this study was to characterize auxetic polyurethane foam as an auxetic soft tissue implant based on mathematical modeling using a nonlinear elasticity theory. The compressibility effects on auxetic soft tissue implants due to equibiaxial loading were studied. Numerical results were computed using experimentally obtained data and compared with the non-auxetic behavior of a soft tissue.
A comparative study of the antibacterial activity of rosemary extract blended with polymeric biomaterials
(American Scientific Publishers, 2016) Bhullar, Sukhwinder Kaur; Rana, D.; Özsel Kaya, Burçak; Yadav, R.; Kaur, G.; Chintamaneni, M.; Buttar, H.S.
Infection associated with biomaterials is a serious and widespread problem in clinical and translational medicine. Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) is a medicinal herb widely used as an antimicrobial agent. The objective of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of rosemary extract blended with synthetic and naturally-derived polymeric biomaterials. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was choosen as a synthetic polymer and chitosan was choosen as a naturally-derived polymer as they are widely used as biomaterials for tissue engineering and drug delivery. The rosemary extract was prepared by maceration extraction method, the polymer membranes were prepared by solvent casting method and the antibacterial activity was done using Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains by pour plate method. The results of this study revealed that the antibacterial activity of rosemary extract increases against both the strains (Gram ?ve and Gram +ve) when blended with synthetic polymer PVA, whereas the activity decreased when combined with PVA-chitosan. It appears that tight binding of chitosan with rosemary extract reduces the antibacterial action of chitosan. Based on this finding, it may be suggested that the rosemary extract may be used as a natural antibacterial agent to treat bactericidal infections associated with the biomaterials. © Copyright 2016 American Scientific Publishers.
Design and fabrication of auxetic PCL nanofiber membranes for biomedical applications
(Elsevier, 2017) Bhullar, Sukhwinder Kaur; Rana, Deepti; Lekesiz, Hüseyin; Bedeloğlu, Ayşe; Ko, Junghyuk; Cho, Yonghyun
The main objective of this study was to fabricate poly (e-caprolactone) (PCL)-based auxetic nanofiber membranes and characterize them for their mechanical and physicochemical properties. As a first step, the PCL nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning with two different thicknesses of 40 pm (called PCL thin membrane) and 180 pm (called PCL thick membrane). In the second step, they were tailored into auxetic patterns using femtosecond laser cut technique. The physicochemical and mechanical properties of the auxetic nanofiber membranes were studied and compared with the conventional electrospun PCL nanofibers (non-auxetic nano fiber membranes) as a control. The results showed that there were no significant changes observed among them in terms of their chemical functionality and thermal property. However, there was a notable difference observed in the mechanical properties. For instance, the thin auxetic nanofiber membrane showed the magnitude of elongation almost ten times higher than the control, which clearly demonstrates the high flexibility of auxetic nanofiber membranes. This is because that the auxetic nanofiber membranes have lesser rigidity than the control nanofibers under the same load which could be due to the rotational motion of the auxetic structures. The major finding of this study is that the auxetic PCL nanofiber membranes are highly flexible (10-fold higher elongation capacity than the conventional PCL nanofibers) and have tunable mechanical properties. Therefore, the auxetic PCL nanofiber membranes may serve as a potent material in various biomedical applications, in particular, tissue engineering where scaffolds with mechanical cues play a major role.
Design and fabrication of auxetic stretchable force sensor for hand rehabilitation
(Iop Publishing Ltd, 2015) Ko, Junghyuk; Bhullar, Sukhwinder Kaur; Cho, Yonghyun; Lee, Patrick C.; Jun, Martin Byung-Guk
Using a melt electrospinning technique, stretchable force sensors were designed for use in an application of hand rehabilitation. The main purpose of this study was to verify that the use of auxetic sensors improved hand rehabilitation practices when compared to their absence. For this study, novel stretchable poly (epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) force sensors were fabricated into the following formations: auxetic microfiber sheets (AMSs), auxetic solid sheets (ASSs), microfiber sheets (MSs), and solid sheets (SSs). A femtosecond laser device was used to make an auxetic structure in the MSs and SSs. Subsequently, these sensors were coated with gold particles to make them conductive for the electrical current resistance assays. Through the cycles of applied stress and strain, auxetic structures were able to retain their original shape once these forces have been dissipated. This stretchable sensor could potentially measure applied external loads, resistance, and strain and could also be attachable to a desired substrate. In order to verify the workability and practicality of our designed sensors, we have attempted to use the sensors on a human hand. The AMS sensor had the highest sensitivity on measuring force and resistance among the four types of sensors. To our knowledge, this is the first study to form a stretchable force sensor using a melt electrospinning technique.
Development of Bioactive Packaging Structure Using Melt Electrospinning
(Springer, 2015) Bhullar, Sukhwinder Kaur; Özsel Kaya, Burçak; Jun, Martin Byung-Guk
Recent research attention is shifting towards the use of bioactive antimicrobial and/or antioxidant packaging materials and their fabrication with non-toxic techniques. The process of melt electrospinning produce fibers from polymer melt without any solution hence environmentally friendly because use of toxic solvents can be avoided. The objectives of this study were fabrication of biodegradable polymeric microfibrous structure using melt electrospinning and characterization of the effect of plant based natural extract on fabricated structure. We found that incorporation of this structure with natural extract provide sufficient support for bioactive compounds without changing thermal stability, physical properties and amorphous phase and also increase the antimicrobial efficacy. Moreover, homogeneously dispersion and good interaction of polymer and natural plant based extract demonstrating the potential of such polymer blend as a bioactive antimicrobial material for packaging industry including especially food and healthcare.
DEVELOPMENT OF BIODEGRADABLE NANOFIBROUS DRUG-ELUTING STENTS: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
(Karger, 2017) Bhullar, Sukhwinder Kaur; Buttar, H. S.
[No Abstract Available]
Development of Silver-Based Bactericidal Composite Nanofibers by Airbrushing
(Amer Scientific Publishers, 2018) Bhullar, Sukhwinder Kaur; Rana, Deepti; Özsel Kaya, Burçak; Orhan, Mehmet; Jun, Martin B. G.; Buttar, Harpal S.
In this article, we report a simple, cost-effective and eco-friendly method of airbrushing for the fabrication of antibacterial composite nanofibers using Nylon-6 and silver chloride (AgCl). The Nylon-6 is a widely used polymer for various biomedical applications because of its excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties. Similarly, silver has also been known for their antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties. In order to enhance the antibacterial functionality of the Nylon-6, composite nanofibers in combination with AgCl have been fabricated using airbrush method. The chemical functional groups and morphological studies of the airbrushed Nylon-6/AgCl composite nanofibers were carried out by FTIR and SEM, respectively. The antibacterial activity of airbrushed Nylon-6/AgCl composite nanofibers was evaluated using Gram + ve (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram -ve (Escherichia coli) bacterial strains. The results showed that the airbrushed Nylon-6/AgCl composite nanofibers have better antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial strains than the airbrushed Nylon-6 nanofibers. Therefore, the airbrushed Nylon-6/AgCl composite nanofibers could be used as a potential antibacterial scaffolding system for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Fabrication and characterization of electrospun poly(e-caprolactone) fibrous membrane with antibacterial functionality
(Royal Soc, 2017) Çerkez, İdris; Sezer, Ayşe; Bhullar, Sukhwinder Kaur
This research study is mainly targeted on fabrication and characterization of antibacterial poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) based fibrous membrane containing silver chloride particles. Micro/nano fibres were produced by electrospinning and characterized with TGA, DSC, SEM and mechanical analysis. It was found that addition of silver particles slightly reduced onset of thermal degradation and increased crystallization temperature of neat PCL. Silver-loaded samples exhibited higher tensile stress and lower strain revealing that the particles behaved as reinforcing agent. Moreover, addition of silver chloride resulted in beaded surface texture and formation of finer fibres as opposed to the neat. Antibacterial properties were tested against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and remarkable biocidal functionalities were obtained with about six logs reduction of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157: H7.
Fabrication and Characterization of Nonwoven Auxetic Polymer Stent
(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2015) Bhullar, Sukhwinder Kaur; Ko, Junghyuk; Cho, Yonghyun; Jun, Martin B. G.
Synthetic biomaterials have better controlled physical and mechanical properties and can be used to tailor both soft and hard tissues. A tiny, expandable mesh tubes called stents keep blood vessels open and allow blood flow and treat blockage to improve quality of patient's life. The main focus of this work is to (i) fabricate a polymeric sheet of melt electrospun polycaprolactone microfibers; (ii) tailor auxetic geometry by micromachining on polycaprolactone microfiber and polycaprolactone sheet; (iii) fabricate a cylindrical tube to make auxetic stents. Final results for mechanical characterization and performance analysis of auxetic polymer stents are discussed.
A Facile Method for Controlled Fabrication of Hybrid Silver Nanoparticle-Poly(epsilon-caprolactone) Fibrous Constructs with Antimicrobial Properties
(Amer Scientific Publishers, 2019) Bhullar, Sukhwinder Kaur; Gazioğlu Rüzgar, Duygu; Fortunato, Giuseppino; Aneja, Ginpreet Kaur; Orhan, Mehmet; Saber-Samandari, Saeed
Infection is one of the major factors affecting wound healing. The use of polymeric fibrous constructs or scaffolds with encapsulated biologically active components has shown great potential in topical wound care as wound dressings to expedite wound healing process; however, there is a limitation in precise control over the release of active components. Therefore, in this study, the authors developed a facile method for controlled fabrication of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) microfibrous constructs with silver (Ag) nanoparticles as antibacterial agent by single capillary electrospinning. By optimizing spinning parameters, the PCL microfibrous constructs were fabricated. The encapsulation of Ag nanoparticles within the PCL microfibers was confirmed using microstructural analysis. The encapsulation efficacy and release profile of Ag was evaluated in vitro. The diffusion study further revealed the controlled release and optimal bioavailability of Ag during the experimental period. In vitro assessment of antibacterial activity of electrospun hybrid constructs showed a high antibacterial activity and an inhibitory effect on the growth of both staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli bacteria when compared to PCL and their efficiency of antibacterial activity also varied with respect to the percent of encapsulated Ag nanoparticles. This kind of Ag nanoparticles-loaded PCL microfibrous constructs may be considered for wound care applications.
Gold nanoparticles: A promising therapeutic approach
(Bulgarian-American Center, 2015) Singh, H.P.; Kaur, A.; Kaur, I.; Buttar, H.S.; Bhullar, Sukhwinder Kaur
Nanotechnology is rapidly advancing and will leave no field untouched by its ground breaking innovations. Nanoparticles are molecules with a diameter ranging from 10-100 nm. Nanotechnology has promising biomedical applications and most noteworthy amongst them are noble metal particles. For instance, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) provide a unique blend ofphysical and optical properties, chemical inertness, and high surface to volume ratio. They can be synthesized as well as functionalised to support various ligands on their surface. Their surface functionalization and diverse properties render the gold nanoparticles highly useful for drug delivery and gene carrierfor therapeutic purposes and as molecular probes for disease diagnosis. The foundation for the usage of AuNPs in therapeutics and diagnosis was laid by the ancient studies done with ruby goldfor curing diseases in middle ages. Presently, AuNPs have become available in different types such as spheres, rods, shells, cages and SERS particles which vary in shape, size and physical properties. The biomedical applications of these particles include drug and gene delivery, cancer diagnosis and therapy, determination of biological molecules and microorganisms, detection of disease etiology, immunoassay, enzyme immobilization, etc. Overall, the focus of this review is to highlight that AuNPs provide an excellent platform for the discovery of new therapies, cure for certain cancers, molecular probe for diagnostic purposes, as well as gene carriers and drug delivery vehicles. © Bul garian Society for Cell Biology.
Health Benefits of Bovine Colostrum in Children and Adults
(Academic Press Ltd-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2017) Buttar, Harpal S.; Bagwe, Siddhi M.; Bhullar, Sukhwinder Kaur; Kaur, Ginpreet
[No Abstract Available]
Health care burden of cardiorespiratory diseases caused by particulate matter and chemical air pollutants
(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2017) Invally, M.; Kaur, G.; Kaur, G.; Bhullar, Sukhwinder Kaur; Buttar, H.S.
The public health care burden of cardiorespiratory diseases (CRDs) caused by chemical air pollutants (CO, O3, SO2, CS2, NO2 ) and particulate matter (PM) has escalated during the past few decades in developing countries throughout the world, including India. Air pollution-related CRDs are most often observed in urban areas which have increasing vehicular traffic and population congestion combined with urban sprawl and heavy industry. The high occurrence of both acute and chronic obstructive respiratory disorders (COPD), lung cancer, cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are linked with the adverse effects of air pollution and cigarette smoking. Several experimental, clinical and epidemiological studies have demonstrated increased risk of CRD events after both short-and long-term exposure to inhaled particulate matter (PM > 2.5 ?m) found in the air. The fine and ultrafine aerodynamic PM is especially responsible for causing most severe CRDs due to its capacity to transport toxic substances deep into the lower airways. Children and elderly individuals are more prone to adverse health effects of airborne toxicants and often require emergency visits and hospitalization. Chemical air pollution and particulate matter generated by biomass burning, forest fires, automobile exhaust, coal and gas-powered industries is considered a serious health hazard problem worldwide. This universal issue has recently received considerable attention from the medical community, environmental activists, environment protection regulators and law makers. The objectives of this review article are to ponder and reflect on the occurrence and underlying mechanisms of CRDs and COPD caused by chemical air pollutants, airborne micro-and nanoparticles, as well as health care costs of CRDs/COPD in India and globally. © 2018, Nova Science Publishers, Inc.. All rights reserved.
Impact of nanophase hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials on tissue engineering
(American Scientific Publishers, 2018) Bhullar, Sukhwinder Kaur; Gazioğlu Rüzgar, Duygu; Saber-Samandari, S.; Sadighi, M.; Ahadian, S.; Ramalingam, M.
Biomaterials are being used over the last few decades as temporary scaffold or permanent implant in tissue engineering, but often encountered with insufficient tissue formation and related functions mainly due to the poor surface interaction of implanted material with host tissues, resulting in failure of the biomaterials. In addition, most of them greatly varied from the tissue to be repaired either chemically or structurally. In this concern, it is essential to design biomaterials with superior surface properties to facilitate favorable host tissue interactions for their long-term survivability and to enhance tissue integeration and regeneration, which typically leads to the concept of nanophase biomaterials. Scaffold plays a critical role in engineering tissues and organs. In designing scaffolds for tissue engineering, in particular engineering bone tissues, researchers have sought not only to create surface active materials but also to mimic composition and structural aspects of bone to promote cell adhesion, cell-matrix interactions, osteointegration, tissue formation, and continued function. Nanophase hydroxyapatite (HA) is a class of ceramic biomaterial that mimics the bone mineral in composition and structure to certain extend and possess unique capabilities for surface interactions with biological entities than conventional HA. It is therefore being considered as a scaffolding system or implant in engineering bone tissues. Keeping these points in view, this article reports the impact of nanophase HA-based biomaterials on bone tissue engineering. © 2018 American Scientific Publishers.
Manufacturing and morphology of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) based microfibre webs for biomedical applications through airbrush technique
(Natl Inst Science Communication-Niscair, 2017) Bedeloğlu, Ayşe; Bhullar, Sukhwinder Kaur; Borazan, Ismail; Cin, Zeynep Islek; Demir, Ali
The objective of this study is to fabricate poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL)-based micro/nano fibrous structures by using different types of solvents and nozzle sizes and to investigate the morphology of fabricated airbrushed structures for future biomedical applications. It is observed from the morphology and diameter of micro/nanofibres structures based on nozzle size, concentration of PCL and solvents, that these airbrushed biocompatible and biodegradable webs offer a potential in the medical field requiring direct, rapid and conformable applications.
Mechanical characterization of auxetic stainless steel thin sheets with reentrant structure
(Iop Publishing Ltd, 2017) Lekesiz, Hüseyin; Bhullar, Sukhwinder Kaur; Karaca, A. A.; Jun, M. B. G.
Smart materials in auxetic form present a great potential for various medical applications due to their unique deformation mechanisms along with durable infrastructure. Both analytical and finite element (FE) models are extensively used in literature to characterize mechanical response of auxetic structures but these structures are mostly thick enough to be considered as bulk material and 3D inherently. Auxetic plates in very thin form, a. e. foil, may bring numerous advantages such as very light design and better biodegradability when needed. However, there is a gap in literature on mechanical characterization of auxetic thin plates. In this study, structural analysis of very thin auxetic plates under uniaxial loading is investigated using both FE method and experimental method. 25 mu m thick stainless steel (316L) plates are fabricated with reentrant texture for three different unit cell dimensions and tested under uniaxial loading using universal testing machine. 25 and 50 mu m thick sheets with same cell dimensions were analyzed using implicit transient FE model including strain hardening and failure behaviors. FE results cover all the deformation schemes seen in actual tests and total deformation level matches with test results. Effect of plate thickness and cell geometry on auxetic behavior is discussed in detail using FE results. Finally, based on FE analysis results, an optimum geometry for prolonged auxetic behavior, high flexibility and high durability is suggested for future potential applications.
Nanofiber based drug delivery systems for skin: A promising therapeutic approach
(Elsevier, 2017) Kamble, Pallavi; Sadarani, Bhakti; Majumdar, Anuradha; Bhullar, Sukhwinder Kaur
Delivery of drugs through the skin has evolved from the crude application on to the wound or site of infection to more compact drug delivery systems. Recently, the focus of drug delivery through the skin has been attaining higher precision and accuracy to the site of action than earlier conventional methods. Skin delivery does not only involve drug application in disease condition but also encompasses drug delivery to improve the skin quality. Decreasing the size of drug carriers has emerged as a thumb rule for better permeability through crooked pathways in the skin. Nanofiber mats offer distinct operational advantages such as high porosity as well as high specific surface areas. This review elaborates the advancements in the nanofiber-based mats in drug delivery for pharmaceutical and cosmetic use. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Nanofiber devices for the targeted-delivery of therapeutically active plant and herbal ingredients
(Bulgarian-American Center, 2015) Bhullar, Sukhwinder Kaur; Buttar, H.S.
Herbal and plant based remedies have been used since times immemorial for treating illnesses or maladies of variant aetiology, whereas during the past two centuries, the pharmaceutical chemists have discovered many important modern drugs from natural botanicals and microbes. Generally, herbal and plant-derived products containing multiple compounds are administered orally for therapeutic purposes. Currently, targeted drug-delivery systems are being developed and investigated for the treatment of cardio-respiratory disorders, pain relief, wound healing, and life threatening diseases like cancers. A number of novel nanofiber membranes and devices are available for sustained release and to deliver steady supply of natural bioactive ingredients, herbal-based extracts, and a few have been approved by US-FDA and other drug regulatory agencies. The purpose of this mini review is to provide an update on the role of nanofiber devices used for the targeted-delivery of therapeutically active ingredients of plant and herbal origin as well as to underscore the potential for the delivery of cost-effective herbal ingredients and natural plant-based extracts for their biomedical applications in wound healing, inflammation-related diseases and cancer treatment. © Bul garian Society for Cell Biology.

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