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    Enhanced heat transport in magneto-nanofluidic thermal systems: adiabatic block effects in grooved channels and ANN modeling
    (Elsevier B.V., 2026) Mandal, D. K.; Manna, Nirmal Kumar; Biswas, Nirmalendu; Rudra, Tansu; Kumar, Rajesh; Benim, Ali Cemal
    This study investigates heat transfer enhancement in magneto-nanofluidic systems through the strategic placement of adiabatic blocks in grooved channels. Using CuO-H2O nanofluid in a bottom-heated channel with circular expansion, we examine the complex interactions between forced convection, magnetic fields, and buoyancy effects. Through systematic numerical analysis, we explore the combined influences of Rayleigh, Reynolds, and Hartmann numbers on thermal performance. Our findings reveal significant heat transfer enhancement (up to 137 %) under optimal conditions, particularly with vertical magnetic field orientation at Re = 100 and Ha = 30. The results demonstrate how adiabatic blocks modify flow structures, with larger blocks diminishing vortex intensity while elevated Ra generates secondary vortices that interact with primary circulations. Magnetic field effects show notable dependence on orientation, with vertical fields generally promoting better heat transfer than horizontal configurations. To complement the numerical analysis, we develop a predictive model using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for Nusselt numbers across various operating conditions, achieving over 99 % accuracy. The integrated computational-ANN approach offers significant advancements in optimizing thermal systems in various areas, ranging from electronics cooling to microfluidic devices. © 2025 The Author(s)
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    Granular PCM based heat sink for electronics thermal management
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2026) Shajahan, Mohamed Iqbal; Benim, Ali Cemal
    This study investigates aluminum heat sinks integrated with GR42 phase change material (PCM), aiming to enhance thermal inertia and stabilize device temperatures. This is important, since the increasing miniaturization and performance demands for electronic devices have led in a growing need for advanced thermal management systems capable of handling rapid transient loads. The novelty of the work lies in examining different heat sink layouts that optimize the heat dissipation capabilities of GR42 PCMs while minimizing size and weight for electronic cooling. The experimental testing was conducted using three configurations, namely no fin, circular fin and hexagonal fin, with three input powers (4 W, 8 W, and 12 W). The experimental results show that the hexagonal-fin heat sink, surface area is 25 % more than circular fins, exhibited superior thermal performance without significant variation in input power. Notably, the hexagonal-fin heat sink achieved the desired set point temperature of 55 degrees C in 33 % less time than the circular-fin design and 45 % less time than the heat sink without fins. Furthermore, the peak temperatures increased up to 21 % for circular fins. During the charging cycles, the enhancement ratios vary from 72 % and begin to narrow to 25 % during discharge cycles. The hexagonal-fin configuration also exhibited superior melting dynamics, completing the phase transition 44 % faster at higher input power than the circular fins, and established a thermal deviation of nearly 51 % less than finless heat sinks. These findings underscore the critical role of fin geometry and PCM integration in achieving uniform temperature distribution and improved energy storage efficiency. Overall, the hexagonal-fin heat sink with GR42 PCM shows strong potential as a passive cooling solution for low-power portable electronic devices.
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    Latent heat cold storage integrated direct evaporative cooler: A neoteric practical design for energy and water saving potential with thermal comfort improvement
    (Elsevier, 2026) Sulaiman, Mohammed A.; Saber, Hindren Ali; Hasan, Hasan F.; Benim, Ali Cemal
    In this study, a standalone cooling system has been proposed that combines both latent heat cold storage (LHCS) and direct evaporative cooler (DEC) in a unibody to work in harmony. The proposed configuration is an innovative compact practical cooling system that contributes to energy and water savings alongside the thermal comfort improvement by capturing and reusing the free cooling. Hereby, a detailed mathematical model has been developed and compared with four sets of experimental data from the published literature. The implemented LHCS is composed of a bundle of concentric tubes which are submerged inside the cold-water bath of the DEC to be solidified by the cold drain water. The PCMs are preserved inside the annulus of the concentric tubes. The captured free cooling from the LHCS is later utilized to lower the cooling load on the DEC by sensibly cooling a portion of the total air flow, which eventually contributes to saving in both energy and water consumption with further improvements in thermal comfort conditions. The findings demonstrated that the hybrid system can achieve about 24.84 % of energy saving and 14.89 % of water saving. Additionally, the thermal comfort of the conditioned space has been improved by up to 26.43 % and the hybrid system constantly produced a cold air with its relative humidity below 60 % which was one of the most prominent impediments of the DECs for achieving the thermal comfort condition.