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Öğe Decarbonization measures in port facilities: determining the most suitable strategies from the natural resource-based view(Springer Heidelberg, 2025) Bucak, Umur; Ayaz, Ilke Sezin; Esmer, SonerDrawing on the natural resource-based view, this study evaluated decarbonization measures in port areas to determine the most effective strategy. To do so, decarbonization measures in port operations identified from the relevant literature were weighted using Fuzzy AHP. The strategies generated by the natural resource-based view were then considered as perspectives for implementing decarbonization measures in port areas. Finally, these perspectives were ranked using Fuzzy VIKOR. The results showed that green power generation had the highest weight while the sustainable development perspective was the best alternative for facilitating implementation of the operational measures. Based on the findings, this paper discusses appropriate innovations to establish sustainable development in port areas in order to guide port practitioners and theoreticians in addressing environmental challenges in port operations.Öğe Liman Sıkışıklığı Faktörleri ve Çözümüne Yönelik Stratejilerin Analizi(2024) Ayaz, Ilke Sezin; Bucak, UmurLiman endüstrisinde hızla artan rekabet koşulları neticesinde liman performansı kavramı oldukça büyük bir önem kazanmıştır. Son yıllarda sıklıkla deneyimlenen ve liman performansını derinden etkileyen liman tıkanıklığı kavramı da liman rekabeti açısından ele alınması gereken bir sorun olarak ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu noktadan hareketle çalışmada ilk olarak Türkiye’nin çeşitli bölgelerinde faaliyet gösteren limanların yöneticileri ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilerek liman tıkanıklığının sebepleri ve en sık yaşandığı dönemler, liman tıkanıklığına karşı alınabilecek önlemler ve geliştirilebilecek stratejiler araştırılmıştır. Daha sonra ise Bulanık AHP-TOPSIS hibrit yöntemi kullanılarak liman tıkanıklığı faktörleri ve önleyici stratejiler önceliklendirilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme sonuçları analiz edildiğinde kapasite yetersizliğinin; Bulanık AHP-TOPSIS sonuçları incelendiğinde ise beklenmedik ticaret yoğunluğunun liman tıkanıklığının altında yatan en önemli sebepler olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca, hem yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme hem de Bulanık AHP-TOPSIS sonuçlarına göre liman tıkanıklığını önlemek adına en etkili önlemler olarak paydaşlarla işbirliği ve kalifiye insan kaynağına yatırım yapılmasının uygun olacağı sonucuna varılmıştır. Keşifsel bir niteliğe sahip olan bu çalışma sonucunda belirlenen ve önceliklendirilen liman tıkanıklığına karşı önlemler ve stratejiler ile liman endüstrisine fayda sağlanacağı düşünülmektedir.Öğe Resilience Strategies of Ports against Covid-19 in Terms of Chaos Theory(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2022) Ayaz, Ilke Sezin; Bucak, Umur; Mollaog, Mahmut; Esmer, SonerDuring the Covid-19 pandemic, all sectors experienced chaotic dynamics worldwide. For example, maritime transport, particularly ports as one of its main elements, had to continue operating in this chaotic environment. Ports developed their own strategies to provide resilience against these challenges. However, any study in the related literature has not been reached that reveals resilience strategies of ports by combining literature review and interviews with port practitioners. As a novelty of the study, it was tried to evaluate resilience strategies of ports by grounding chaos theory. Therefore, this study had two aims: (1) identifying the Covid-19 strategies of Turkish container ports; (2) prioritizing these strategies in terms of impact level. First, interviews were conducted with Turkish container port representatives to find out their resilience strategies. These strategies were then validated with a literature review and new ones were detected. Second, separate relation analyses of the strategies were conducted for the interviews and literature. Finally, ports' resilience strategies against Covid-19 disruptions were prioritized using Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) based on the port managers' evaluations. Fuzzy AHP is widely used and accepted in the maritime business literature. This method also diminishes inconsistencies and subjective evaluations by employing fuzzy logic. The results showed that 'Control Mechanism', 'Hygienic Measures', and 'Information Exchange' were the most effective resilience strategies. By using chaos theory, this study helped to theoretically clarify the role of port management approaches to the challenges of the Covid-19 pandemic. These findings can therefore guide container port practitioners in overcoming pandemic conditions.Öğe The principal-agent problem in the inclusion of maritime transport into the EU ETS: Which kind of incentives are best?(Elsevier, 2025) Bucak, Umur; Ayaz, Ilke Sezin; Esmer, SonerThe maritime transport industry has been dramatically impacted by its inclusion into the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). The economic and environmental effectiveness of the system depends on maritime transport companies' rapidly adapting to EU ETS regulations. However, there may be a principal-agent problem between the main EU ETS bodies and the maritime transport industry. This study proposes an incentive system to enable shipping companies to rapidly adapt to the EU ETS and solve potential problems during the process. To develop the proposal, the study identified from the literature, and then qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed, potential incentives for shipping companies regarding the industry's position in the EU ETS, and collected data from experts working in shipping companies. The study was subjected to qualitative analysis based on literature using the MAXQDA 24 software, which enabled the visualization of relationships between incentives. Furthermore, the Best Worst method was employed to analyze the perceptions of experts on incentives quantitatively, with the objective of determining the most and worst favorable ones. The findings revealed various conflicts between the perceptions of researchers in the literature and selected experts working in shipping companies. Moreover, the analysis detected a principal-agent problem between shipowners and ship brokers regarding their expectations from incentives.Öğe Women rising in the port industry: a multimethod approach to career barriers(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2026) Kasapoglu, Esra Baran; Ayaz, Ilke Sezin; Cetin, Cimen KaratasDespite an increase in the number of women employed in the port industry in recent years, women in this field encounter significant challenges that not only affect their business lives but also hinder their career advancement. Accordingly, this study aims to identify the views of women working in ports regarding these challenges and rank the barriers hindering their careers. Adopting a multimethod approach, the study used both narrative analysis and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) as research methods. For the qualitative analysis, the barriers identified from the interviews were coded in accordance with the relevant literature, while their importance levels were determined by quantitative analysis. The barriers were grouped under four main categories as: male co-workers, harassment, port conditions, and feminine. While the interview results suggested that male co-worker related barriers were the most important, the Fuzzy AHP analysis indicated that harassment-related barriers were the most significant. Through in-depth qualitative and quantitative analysis and ranking of the data based on women's real-life stories, this study presents novel and comprehensive findings regarding the career barriers facing women port workers.
