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    Comparison of density, kinematic viscosity, and heating values of blended biodiesels produced by blending methyl and ethyl esters produced from flaxseed oil
    (İdris Karagöz, 2024) Aslan, Volkan; Karaca, Mehmet
    In this study, methyl ester and ethyl ester production from flaxseed oil through the transesterification process using NaOH as a catalyst and its operating parameters were optimized with the help of the classical method. A total of 26 experiments were designed to determine the effects of variables on biodiesel yield, such as catalyst weight (0.4–1.0 wt. NaOH), alcohol:oil molar ratio (3:1–9:1), reaction temperature (30–60°C) and reaction time (30–75 min). The optimum conditions for producing methyl ester were KOH of 0.4 wt%, 6:1 methanol/oil molar ratio, 60 °C reaction temperature, and 92.16% biodiesel yield obtained at 60 min reaction temperature. In ethyl ester production, the highest yield was achieved with 0.60% NaOH wt., 8:1 ethanol/oil molar ratio, 30 °C reaction temperature, and 89.83% biodiesel yield at 60 minutes reaction temperature. Methyl ester and ethyl ester produced under optimal conditions were blended among themselves on a volume basis. Basic fuel properties of pure biodiesels, blended biodiesels and pure diesel fuel, such as density, kinematic viscosity and heating value, were measured. Generalized equations are given to predict the density, viscosity and heating values of mixtures. It was found that there was a remarkable agreement between the measured and predicted values of density, viscosity and calorific values for all mixtures. According to the results, it was determined that the density and viscosity of the mixtures increased as the methyl ester concentration in the fuel mixture increased, and the calorific value of the mixtures increased as the ethyl ester concentration increased. These properties of pure biodiesels and biodiesel blends optimized from flaxseed oil meet ASTM D6571 and EN 14214 biodiesel standards. It can be stated that these fuels can be used as a qualified fuel for diesel engines.