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    Characterization of waste fabric fiber-reinforced wood-plastic composites
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2025) Eksi, Basak Nur; Gulec, Aylin; Karatay, Halil; Arpaci, Emrecan; Uysal, Mesut
    This study aimed to explore the feasibility of incorporating waste fabric fibers into polylactic acid (PLA)-based wood plastic composites (WPCs). Unlike conventional WPC with randomly dispersed fibers, a multilayer design was employed with waste fabric fibers. Composites were fabricated by using twin-screw extrusion and then hot-pressing. Mechanical, thermal, water absorption, chemical, and morphological properties were systematically evaluated using mechanical tests, TGA, FTIR, and SEM. The multilayer configuration significantly improved strength, accordingly, advantage of a controlled reinforcement-layer design was demonstrated compared to non-reinforced sample groups. The results showed that adding 5% wood content to fabric fiber-reinforced PLA increased flexural strength by 28% and tensile strength by 24% compared to neat PLA. However, higher wood contents (10% and 15%) reduced strength by 12-18% due to poor dispersion and weak interfacial adhesion. Thermal stability improved by approximately 15 degrees C, while water absorption decreased by nearly 20% in fabric fiber-reinforced composites relative to those of higher wood content. This study demonstrated that textile waste can be successfully upcycled into high-performance, bio-based composites, providing both structural improvements and environmental benefits. These results highlight the potential of textile waste as an effective reinforcement in WPC, promoting circular economy practices and offering a sustainable alternative for various industrial applications.
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    Economic and Environmental Sustainability Performance Improvements in the Outdoor Wood Furniture Industry Through a Lean-Infused FMEA-Supported Fuzzy QFD Approach
    (Mdpi, 2025) Ince, Melike Nur; Arpaci, Emrecan; Tasdemir, Cagatay; Gazo, Rado
    Fiercer competition across all industries has made identifying and eliminating lean wastes to enhance sustainability performance an effective route that many companies take. This study focuses on the production process of wood park/garden benches at a company that manufactures outdoor wood furniture. The goal was to identify lean wastes within a sustainability framework across seven operations and integrate multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methodologies for waste elimination. Eleven lean KPIs addressing economic and environmental sustainability were used to develop and prioritize 13 lean failure modes (LFMs) with Risk Priority Numbers (RPNs) above 100, leading to lean project proposals for each LFM. Eighteen lean tools were ranked using the Fuzzy Quality Function Deployment (Fuzzy QFD) method. A total of eight improvement propositions, namely, Kaizen and continuous improvement, upgrade machinery for energy efficiency, Just-In-Time (JIT), optimize production processes with lean methodologies, implement cost reduction strategies, Total Productive Maintenance (TPM), Investing in Automation, and Andon were implemented. Significant improvements were observed post-implementation: total lead time was reduced by approximately 38.46%, value-added time by 22.05%, and non-value-added time by 47.64%. The required number of workers decreased by 14.29%, and the total inventory decreased by approximately 57.31%. The results contribute to sustainability goals by reducing energy consumption and waste while increasing economic efficiency. It also provides a robust framework for decision making in fuzzy environments, guiding practitioners and academics in lean management and sustainability.