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    Chemical composition of essential oils and comparative analysis of enzyme inhibitory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in essential oils of endemic Gelasia sericea (Aucher ex DC.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N. Kilian
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2025) Fidan, Muhammed Said; Baltaci, Cemalettin; Akmese, Osman; Sefali, Abdurrahman; Aygul, Imdat; Oz, Mehmet
    In this study, essential oil from the aerial parts of Gelasia sericea (Aucher ex DC.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N. Kilian was extracted via hydrodistillation using a Clevenger apparatus. GC-MS/FID analysis determined aldehydes (28.31%) as the dominant group, with eucalyptol (8.71%) as the main constituent. Antioxidant activities were exhibited using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays, with the essential oil demonstrating relatively higher antioxidant properties. The essential oil also showed higher levels of bioactive components, including total antioxidant capacity (160.26 mg AA eq./100 mL), total phenolic content (21.57 mg GA eq./100 mL), and total flavonoid content (14.85 mg QE eq./100 mL). While G. sericea essential oil demonstrated some antioxidant activity, it was significantly lower compared to the reference standard ascorbic acid (AA). The antimicrobial results showed relatively higher antimicrobial activity compared to most bacterial and fungal strains, as evidenced by lower MIC and MBC values and larger inhibition zones. Nevertheless, chloramphenicol (CH) and nalidixic acid (NA) continually showed superior antimicrobial efficacy, with the lowest MIC and MBC values and the largest inhibition zones. The essential oil also demonstrated potent enzyme inhibitory activity, especially against CA-II, AChE, and BChE, with the lowest IC50 value observed for CA-II, highlighting its potential as a potent enzyme inhibitor. However, the essential oil exhibited comparatively greater inhibition against AChE, BChE and alpha-amylase but was less effective overall. These findings suggest that the G. sericea essential oil has important antioxidant potential and enzyme inhibitory activity, while the essential oil shows varying efficacy across different enzymes.
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    Enzyme inhibitory, antioxidant, antimicrobial activities, and phenolic profiles of the methanol extract of Gelasia sericea an endemic species
    (Univ Agr Sci & Veterinary Med Cluj-Napoca, 2025) Aygul, Imdat; Akmese, Osman; Sefali, Abdurrahman; Baltaci, Cemalettin; Oz, Mehmet; Fidan, Muhammed Said
    This study aimed to investigate, for the first time, the phytochemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and enzyme inhibitory properties of the methanolic extract of Gelasia sericea (Aucher ex DC.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian. The extract demonstrated a moderate yield (6.55 g/100 g dry plant material) and was found to be rich in phenolic acids, particularly ferulic acid (17182.97 mu g g-1), followed by caffeic acid, protocatechuic acid, and p-coumaric acid. Antioxidant analyses revealed high total phenolic (388.86 mg GA eq./100 g), total flavonoid (74.03 mg QE eq./100 g), and total antioxidant capacity (503.33 mg AA eq./100 g). The extract exhibited remarkable ABTS radical scavenging activity (95.99%, IC50 = 37.59 mg ml-1) and considerable ferric-ion reducing power (974.78 mg FeSO4 eq./100 g). Antimicrobial assays indicated moderate inhibitory effects, with stronger activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis) and the yeast Candida albicans, whereas Gram-negative bacteria were less susceptible. The extract's MIC values ranged between 0.20-3.25 mg ml-1, and MLC values between 0.41-6.50 mg ml-1, which were higher than those of standard antibiotics. Enzyme inhibition assays revealed moderate activity against carbonic anhydrase II (IC50 = 0.0136 mu g ml-1) and weak inhibition of cholinesterases and alpha-glucosidase, while alpha-amylase inhibition was relatively more pronounced (IC50 = 13350.00 mu g ml-1). Overall, these findings highlight G. sericea as a valuable natural source of phenolic acids and antioxidants, with promising potential for applications in functional foods, nutraceuticals, and phytopharmaceuticals. However, the relatively limited antimicrobial and enzyme inhibitory activities suggest the need for further studies on bioavailability, in vivo efficacy, and compound isolation to optimize its practical applications.