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Öğe Alliance Management and Binding Strategy: Why the United States Has Failed to Prevent Turkey from Strategic Rapprochement with Russia(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2025) Akdogan, IsmailWhy has the United States (US) failed to prevent Turkey from pursuing strategic rapprochement with Russia? Over the last decade, the political, economic and military cooperation between Ankara-Moscow has caused serious concerns in Washington. An analysis based on Yasuhiro Izumikawa's theory of binding strategy explains why the US's coercion-based binding strategy has overall failed to effectively prevent Ankara's deepening strategic cooperation with Moscow. An explanation of the failure of the US's strategy towards Turkey is offered using a triangle model. The main reason for this failure is that the US pursued a coercion-based binding strategy towards Turkey against Russia's reward-based wedging strategy, coupled with a change in Turkey's security environment. This failure was further facilitated by the Turkish political elite's quest for strategic autonomy.Öğe From Low Engagement to High Engagement: Explaining Turkey's Changing Engagement in the Middle East during the JDP Period(Hale Sivgin, 2022) Akdogan, Ismail; Polat, FurkanWhy did Turkey shift its Middle East policy from soft power oriented approach to the security oriented one in the early zolos? While Turkey prioritized diplomatic, commercial and economic relations during the first decade of the 2000s, it has increasingly used military means to influence the Middle East since 2011. The primary objective of this study is to ascertain the reasons behind this widely debated question in Turkish foreign policy literature. Unlike existing explanations, the main argument of the study is that the U.S. grand strategy towards Middle East appears as the most important causal factor shaping the nature of Turkey's engagement in its region.
