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Öğe An environmental risk assessment for a DDX-contaminated agricultural area in Turkey: soil vs. plant or human vs. animal(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Korucu, Mahmut Kemal; Elibol P.S.; İşleyen, MehmetThis study is the first research attempt to assess the environmental risks of an agricultural area contaminated with the p,p′-DDT and its metabolites (DDX) on human and terrestrial species through exposure to soil and agricultural products, simultaneously. The study was carried out for a DDX-contaminated agricultural area in Turkey. Soil samples obtained in two different harvest applications were analyzed in terms of DDX levels. Similarly, stem, leaf, and fruit samples of an agricultural product grown on the same soils were analyzed. Using the results of these analyses, DDX intake values were calculated for 5 different human receptor groups, 4 different bird species, and 4 different mammal species, and the risk values were calculated by using a stochastic approach based on a Monte Carlo simulation. Findings indicated a substantial level of carcinogenic risk in the human receptor groups. Furthermore, a significant risk of reproductive toxicity was determined for the birds and mammals. The findings prominently showed that these risks can develop not only through exposure to DDX-contaminated soils but also through the consumption of plants grown on these soils.Öğe Comparison of Disperse Blue 79 Dye and Reactive Yellow 160 Dye Removal Efficiency by Electrocoagulation Method(Yakup Yakut, 2018) Keyikoğlu, Ramazan; Can, Orhan Taner; Aygün, Ahmet; İşleyen, MehmetThe textile industry uses high amount of water and generates wastewater that requires effective wastewater treatment technologies. Textile industry in Turkey is an advanced industry particularly in Bursa. During the dying process of fabrics and the fibres a lot of water, synthetic dyes and various chemicals are used, and consequently wastewater is produced that contains complex pollutants with different chemical structure. In particular, dyes that have high water solubility and low fixation rates hydrolyse before they are fully fixed, which results in high amount of waste dye. Decreased light permeability due to the colour caused by the waste dye prevents photosynthetic activities and oxygen depletion occurs. Furthermore, the presence of toxic and mutagenic dyes in water bodies adversely affect aquatic life. Releasing them into the sewage system without treatment can cause problems in biological processes of urban wastewater treatment plants. Therefore, there is a need for innovative, cost effective and efficient wastewater treatment technologies for the treatment of wastewater containing dyes before they are released to the water systems. Electrocoagulation is known to be an effective method especially in colour removal from textile industry wastewaters. In this study, as an effective method for colour removal from waters electrocoagulation was applied to a disperse dye (Disperse Blue 79), which is in a colloid form in a dye solution, and to a reactive dye (Reactive Yellow 160), which has an anionic character and is dissolved in water. After a 10 minutes experiment period with 0.1 A current intensity %92.45 color removal rate was obtained for Disperse Blue 79 whereas for the Reactive yellow 160 color removal rate was only %54.84. Study results shows the importance of dye type in color removal with electrocoagulation method.Öğe Correction to: An environmental risk assessment for a DDX-contaminated agricultural area in Turkey: soil vs. plant or human vs. animal (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, (2021), 28, 36, (50127-50140), 10.1007/s11356-021-14154-4)(2021) Korucu, Mahmut Kemal; Elibol P.S.; İşleyen, MehmetA Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14449-6. © 2021, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.Öğe Effects of the lichen Peltigera canina on Cucurbita pepo spp. pepo grown in soil contaminated by DDTs(Springer Heidelberg, 2021) Akpinar, Aysegul; Cansev, Asuman; İşleyen, MehmetLichens consisting of a symbiotic association of green algae or cyanobacteria and fungi are found in a variety of environmental conditions worldwide. Terricolous lichens, located in soils, affect the living and lifeless environment of the soil due to their effective secondary metabolite and enzymatic content. Terricolous lichens can increase the biological, chemical, and physical usefulness of soil. However, their effects in ensuring the bioavailability of contaminated soil are not known, especially on soil pollution caused by DDTs (p,p '-DDE, p,p '-DDD, p,p '-DDT). This research focuses on the effect of terricolous lichens on zucchini (Cucurbita pepo spp. pepo) grown in soil contaminated by DDTs, utilizing their secondary metabolite and enzymatic contents. Firstly, Peltigera canina, a terricolous lichen species, was added to soil contaminated by DDTs as powdered and intact thallus. After lichen addition to soil, zucchini was planted in. The oxidative stress and antioxidative enzyme activities of zucchini were measured. According to the results, P. canina treatments have a positive effect on the growth and development of zucchini, although oxidative stress was observed. Also, it was determined that powdered application had more effective results than intact thallus application.Öğe Heavy metal profiles of agricultural soils in Sakarya, Turkey(Korean Soc Environmental Engineers, 2019) İşleyen, Mehmet; Akpinar, Aysegul; Eren, Beytullah; Ok, GulsunSakarya is famous for cucurbit productions in Turkey and cucurbits can grow as big as 560 kg of weight per fruit in its agricultural areas. There is no or limited information about contaminant levels and profiles of the agricultural fields in Sakarya. The purpose of this study is to investigate the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene, and fluoranthene) and heavy metal (As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn) concentrations of the selected fields. Total 33 soil samples were collected from 12 counties of Sakarya where both cucurbits have been produced and organochlorine pesticides have been applied to the fields for more than 30 y during the historical plantation periods. Heavy metal and PAH contents in the soil samples were measured by an Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectroscopy and a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The highest phenanthrene, pyrene, and fluoranthene concentrations were measured as 63.50 ng/g, 134.34 ng/g, 140.0 ng/g, respectively in the soil samples from Geyve County. Cu, Ni, and Cr concentrations were measured as 108.2 mg/kg, 219.9 mg/kg, and 173.1 mg/kg, respectively in Geyve's samples which were also the highest and 2-7 times more than the limit values given in the Turkish Soil Pollution Control Regulation. Precautions need to be taken for Sakarya's agricultural fields which are an important milestone of Turkey's cucurbit and fruit productions since the contaminants can be accumulated in the fruits and edible parts of the plants.Öğe Kirlenmiş topraklardaki p,p'-DDE'nin kabak bitki özsuyu ile ilişkili biriktirme mekanizması(2017) İşleyen, Mehmet; Eren, Beytullah; Aygün, AhmetBu araştırmada yıllanmış p,p'-DDE kirlenmiş topraklarda yetiştirilen Raven ve Zephyr kabak türlerinde, p,p'-DDE'nin topraktan bitki yapısına geçişinde bitki özsuyunun etkisini araştırmak için deneyler yürütülmüştür. Raven bitki özsuyundaki 0,21 µg/L ortalama p,p'-DDE konsantrasyonunun Zephyr bitki özsuyundaki değerle karşılaştırıldığında 10 kat daha fazla olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Buna paralel olarak, Raven ve Zephyr bitki gövdelerindeki p,p'-DDE konsantrasyonu sırasıyla 1561 µg/Kg ve 40 µg/Kg olarak belirlenmiştir. Bitki özsuyunda tesbit edilen Beyazımsı Kolloidal Yapıda Maddeler (BKYM), özsudaki p,p'-DDE miktarındaki artışa, bunun sonucunda da bitki gövdesinde daha fazla birikime sebep olacağı konusunda şüphe uyandırmıştır. Bu araştırma p,p'-DDE'nin bitki özsuyundaki BKYM ile taşındığını gösteren ilk deneysel çalışmadır.Öğe Photovoltaic performance and photostability of anthocyanins, isoquinoline alkaloids and betalains as natural sensitizers for DSSCs(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2018) Guzel, Emre; Arslan, Baris Seckin; Durmaz, Veysel; Cesur, Mert; Tutar, Omer Faruk; İşleyen, MehmetNatural dyes extracted from fruit (FBV) and root (RBV) of barberry (Berberis vulgaris) and fruit (FPA) and stalk (SPA) of pokeweed (Phytolacca americana) were used as sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). All the extracts were employed without any modifications, such as purifications or addition of stabilizers. Anthocyanin and isoquinoline alkaloid were identified as the main components for FBV and RBV extracts, respectively, whereas betalain for FPA and SPA extracts. SPA and FPA displayed much broader absorption spectra than the others, which is beneficial to light harvesting capability. When tested in DSSCs, the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.04% is obtained by SPA, and this followed by PCEs of 2.97, 2.35 and 2.01% for FPA, RBV and FBV, respectively. The lowest PCE for FBV can be attributed to poor electron transfer ability, which may cause reduced photocurrent and photovoltage. On the other hand, after 120 h of sunlight irradiation, FBV, RBV, FPA and SPA retained the PCE values as 91, 54, 63 and 69% of the initial efficiencies. The moderate photovoltaic performance with good photostability for the anthocyanin extract may favorable for low-cost and environmental-friendly DSSC applications.Öğe Pre-treatment and utilization of food waste as energy source by bio-drying process(Elsevier Science Bv, 2017) Mohammed, Mutala; Ozbay, Ismail; Karademir, Aykan; İşleyen, MehmetIn this study, three different sets of experiments were conducted with the aim of evaluating the effects of initial moisture content and bulking agent on bio-drying efficiency of food waste as well as weight reduction. Results showed that initial moisture content has a significant impact on bio-drying, affecting temperature and water removal rate as well as volatile solid degradation, with higher maximum temperature obtained in Trial 3 (initial moisture content of 44.95 %) and lowest maximum temperature obtained in Trial 1 (initial moisture content of 69.29 %). The bio-drying index indicated that Trial 2 had higher water removal efficiency (72.96 %) with less organics consumption (bio-drying index = 10.1). On the whole, Trial 1, 2 and 3 saw a weight reduction of 54.63 %, 42.56 % and 35.33 % alongside a moisture reduction of 53.26 %, 47.46 % and 64.51 % respectively. This finding suggests that the use of bulking agent has significant effect on the initial moisture content with subsequent impact on bio-drying efficiency which could provide some promising approach to pre-treat organic waste to reduce the moisture content, weight and volume and increase the energy value for solid recovered fuel generation (SRF). (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
