Bursa sahil kesimlerinde sediment ve plaj kumu örneklerinde mikroplastik kirliliğinin araştırılması
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
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Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess
Özet
İnsanların, günümüz dünyasında hızla artan nüfusun ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak için maliyeti düşük ve hızlı çözüm arayışı çevre kirliliğinin artmasındaki en önemli sebeplerinden biridir. Kullanımı ve üretimi gittikçe artan plastikler de, son zamanlarda en önemli çevre sorunlarından biridir. Mikroplastikler, suda çözünmeyen, büyüklüğü 5 mm'den küçük, kalıcı plastik parçacıklar olarak tanımlanmaktadır (Leslie ve diğ. 2017) ve ilk tanımlandığı yıldan itibaren (2004) önemli çevresel kirletici olarak dikkat çekmektedir (Tagg ve diğ. 2017). Bu çalışmada, yaz mevsimi için Ağustos 2022, kış mevsimi için ise Şubat 2023 tarihleri temel alınarak beş farklı istasyonda sediment ve plaj kumu örnekleri alınmış olup fizikokimyasal ve mikroplastik (MP) analiz yapılmıştır. Mikroplastiklerin sayısı, renkleri, boyutları ve tipleri belirlenmiştir. FTIR spektrometresi kullanılarak polimer türleri incelenmiştir. FTIR analizleri sonrasında belirlenen noktalardan alınan numunelerin hepsinde PP, PE, PVC ve PET polimer türlerinin varlığı tespit edilmiştir. Mikroplastikleri belirlemek için yapılan analizler sonucunda yaz mevsimi için 3984 partikül / 1 kg mikroplastik, kış mevsimi için ise 2576 partikül/ 1 kg mikroplastik elde edilmiştir. Çalışmada gözlemlenen mikroplastik beyaz, gri, sarı, turuncu, pembe, kırmızı, yeşil, mavi, mor ve siyah bulunmuştur. Bursa'nın Gemlik ve Mudanya ilçelerinde belirlenen noktalarda yapılan analizler sonucunda mikroplastiklerin mevcut durumu belirlenmiş, kaynakları anlaşılmaya çalışılmış ve olası olumsuz etkilerinin en aza indirilmesi için öneriler sunulmuştur.
In today's world, people's search for low-cost and fast solutions to meet the needs of a rapidly growing population is one of the most important reasons for the increase in environmental pollution and plastics are one of the most important environmental problems in recent researches. Plastics from 5 mm to 1 mm are considered microplastics (MP) and it attracts attention as an important environmental pollutant. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the detection and distribution of microplastics in Southern Marmara region, sand beach and sediment samples were taken from 5 different sampling points in the Bursa in August 2022 and February 2023. Microplastics and Physicochemical analyzes were carried out in the laboratory. Extraction and intensive separation were used as a method for microplastic analyzes. The number, colors, sizes and shape of microplastics were studied in the sediment and beach sand samples. In addition to those datas, polymer type were also examined for plastics. FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) spectroscopy was used for polymer type of microplastics. PP, PE, PVC and PET polymer types were found as a result of FTIR analysis. The total accumulation of microplastics in the summer season is 3984 particles / 1 kg of microplastics and 2576 particles / 1 kg of microplastics was obtained for the winter season. White were the most determined colour of microplastic in summer samples while blue were the most determined colour for microplastics in winter samples. Other than white and blue colour of microplastics, samples were contain grey, yellow, orange, pink, red, green, blue, purple and black colours. Samplings were carried out in different seasons and comments were made on the effect of season on pollution. The current status of microplastics has been determined, their sources have been tried to be understood and recommendations have been presented to minimize their possible negative effects.
In today's world, people's search for low-cost and fast solutions to meet the needs of a rapidly growing population is one of the most important reasons for the increase in environmental pollution and plastics are one of the most important environmental problems in recent researches. Plastics from 5 mm to 1 mm are considered microplastics (MP) and it attracts attention as an important environmental pollutant. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the detection and distribution of microplastics in Southern Marmara region, sand beach and sediment samples were taken from 5 different sampling points in the Bursa in August 2022 and February 2023. Microplastics and Physicochemical analyzes were carried out in the laboratory. Extraction and intensive separation were used as a method for microplastic analyzes. The number, colors, sizes and shape of microplastics were studied in the sediment and beach sand samples. In addition to those datas, polymer type were also examined for plastics. FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) spectroscopy was used for polymer type of microplastics. PP, PE, PVC and PET polymer types were found as a result of FTIR analysis. The total accumulation of microplastics in the summer season is 3984 particles / 1 kg of microplastics and 2576 particles / 1 kg of microplastics was obtained for the winter season. White were the most determined colour of microplastic in summer samples while blue were the most determined colour for microplastics in winter samples. Other than white and blue colour of microplastics, samples were contain grey, yellow, orange, pink, red, green, blue, purple and black colours. Samplings were carried out in different seasons and comments were made on the effect of season on pollution. The current status of microplastics has been determined, their sources have been tried to be understood and recommendations have been presented to minimize their possible negative effects.
Açıklama
18.01.2025 tarihine kadar kullanımı yazar tarafından kısıtlanmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Çevre Mühendisliği, Environmental Engineering, Mikrobiyal kirlilik, Microbial contamination, Mikroplastik, Mikroplastic
