Bursa'da yaşayan Arnavut göçmenlerde kültürel aktarım pratikleri: Zafer Mahallesi örneği
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu tez çalışması temelde, Bursalı Arnavut göçmenlerin kurgulanabilen, dönüşen ve aktarılan kültürel kimlik yapısına eğilmiştir. Çalışma, göç sonrası süreçte Bursalı Arnavut göçmenlerin kültürel kimliklerini hangi referans noktaları üzerine inşa ettiklerini incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Çalışmanın bir diğer amacı, Bursalı Arnavut göçmenlerin farklı kültürlerle etkileşimleri sonucunda melezleşen kimlik yapılarını mercek altına almaktır. Melez kimliklerinin izleri ise bir yandan "Bursa'da yaşayan Arnavut olma"ya yükledikleri anlamlarda aranmış; diğer yandan "kadınlık halleri", "birlikte yaşama", "çocuk yetiştirme" ve "evlilik ritüelleri" gibi aktarım pratiklerine yansıması irdelenmiştir. Böylece 1912-1913 Balkan Savaşları'ndan günümüze kadar belirli aralıklarla Türkiye'ye göç eden ve uzun süredir Türkiye'de yaşamalarına rağmen pek çalışılmayan Bursalı Arnavut göçmenleri konu edinen bu çalışma, ilgili literatüre katkı sağlamayı hedeflemektedir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Veri toplamak için yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniğine ve gözlem tekniğine başvurulmuştur. Verilerin analizi için söylem analizi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Çalışma, Bursa'nın Osmangazi ilçesi sınırları içinde yer alan ve Arnavut göçmenlerin yoğun yaşadığı mahallelerin başında gelen Zafer Mahallesi ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Çalışmanın araştırma grubunu, Zafer Mahallesi'nde ikamet eden ya da bir dönem ikamet etmiş olan, Kuzey Makedonya ve Kosova'dan göç eden, birinci ve sonraki kuşak Arnavut göçmenler oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular, üç başlık altında incelenmiştir. İlk olarak Arnavut göçmenlerin, köken ülkelerini ve göç sonrası süreci de kapsayacak şekilde, güçlü bağları olan topluluk ilişkileri ile uymak zorunda oldukları norm ve kurallar üzerinden kendilerini tanımladıkları görülmüştür. Bulguların ikinci kısmında, Bursa'da yaşayan Arnavutların kent içinde hangi bölgelerde ve nasıl yerleştiklerine dair edinilen bulgular aktarılmıştır. Genellikle "garaj altı" olarak tanımlanan bölgede, Zafer Mahallesi'nin de aralarında bulunduğu birden çok mahallenin yanyana kurulmasıyla oluşmuş geniş bir bölgede yaşadıkları görülmüştür. Bu bölgede bir arada yaşadıkları için kültürel kimliklerini sürdürebildikleri gözlemlenmiştir Ancak göçmenlerin uzun yıllardır Bursa'da yaşıyor olmaları ve şehir içinde başka kültürlerle temas kurmaları sonucu kültürel kimliklerinin melez kimlik yapısı özellikleri göstermeye başladığı görülmektedir. Bulguların üçüncü kısmında ise Arnavut kültürel kimliğinin hem parçası hem aktarıcıları olan pratiklerin geçmişte ve günümüzdeki uygulamaları kıyaslandığında, melezleşmenin yansımalarını uygulama düzeyinde görmek mümkündür. Aktarım pratiklerinde yaşanan bu dönüşümde ilk domino taşı etkisi yaratan pratik, "kadınlık halleri" olmuştur. "Kadınlık halleri"nin dönüşümü, "evlilik ritüelleri", "birlikte yaşama" ve "çocuk yetiştirme" gibi aktarım pratiklerini dönüştürmüştür. Dolayısıyla Arnavut kültürel kimliğinde yaşanan melezleşmeyi, Arnavut kültüründe "kadın olma"ya yüklenen anlamların değişiminde görmek mümkündür.
This study principally focused on the cultural identities of the Albanian immigrants from Bursa, which can be constructed, transformed, and transferred. The study aims to examine which reference points the Albanian immigrants from Bursa used to construct their cultural identities in the post-migration process. The further aim of the study is to examine the identity structures of the Albanian immigrants from Bursa that have hybridized as a result of their interaction with different cultures. On the one hand, traces of their hybrid identities were sought in the meanings they attributed to "being an Albanian living in Bursa", and on the other hand, their reflections on transfer practices such as "states of womanhood", "living together", "raising children" and "marriage rituals", were examined. Albanian immigrants living in Bursa, who migrated to Turkey at regular intervals from the 1912–1913 Balkan Wars to the present, have not been the subject of many academic studies despite living in Turkey for a long time; thus, this thesis aims to make a contribution to relevant literature and fill the gap in the literature. For this purpose, a qualitative research method was applied. In addition, semi-structured interview techniques and observation techniques were utilized to collect data. Along with this, the discourse analysis technique was used for the analysis of the data. The study is limited to Zafer Mahallesi, which is located within the boundaries of the Osmangazi district of Bursa and is one of the neighborhoods where Albanian immigrants live intensely. The research group of the study consists of first and following generations of Albanian immigrants residing in Zafer Neighborhood or residing there for a while who migrated from North Macedonia and Kosovo. The findings obtained from the study were examined under three headings. Foremost, it is seen that Albanian immigrants define themselves through the norms and rules they have to comply with due to their strong ties to the community, including their country of origin and the post-migration process. In the second part of the findings, what was obtained about how and in which regions the Albanians living in Bursa settled in the city was conveyed. It has been observed that they live in a large area formed by the establishment of more than one neighborhood, including Zafer Neighborhood, the area that is generally defined as "under the garage". It has been observed that they can maintain their cultural identity because they live together in this region. However, as a result of the immigrants living in Bursa for many years and their contact with other cultures in the city, it is seen that their cultural identities have begun to show hybrid identity characteristics. In the third part of the findings, it is possible to see the reflections of hybridization at the level of practice when the past and present practices of the practices that are both a part and a transmitter of the Albanian cultural identity are compared. In this transformation experienced in transfer practices, it was the practical "womanhood states" that created the first domino effect. The transformation of "womanhood states" has transformed transference practices such as "marriage rituals", "living together" and "child-rearing". Therefore, it is possible to see the hybridization of Albanian cultural identity through the change of meanings attributed to "being a woman" in Albanian culture.
This study principally focused on the cultural identities of the Albanian immigrants from Bursa, which can be constructed, transformed, and transferred. The study aims to examine which reference points the Albanian immigrants from Bursa used to construct their cultural identities in the post-migration process. The further aim of the study is to examine the identity structures of the Albanian immigrants from Bursa that have hybridized as a result of their interaction with different cultures. On the one hand, traces of their hybrid identities were sought in the meanings they attributed to "being an Albanian living in Bursa", and on the other hand, their reflections on transfer practices such as "states of womanhood", "living together", "raising children" and "marriage rituals", were examined. Albanian immigrants living in Bursa, who migrated to Turkey at regular intervals from the 1912–1913 Balkan Wars to the present, have not been the subject of many academic studies despite living in Turkey for a long time; thus, this thesis aims to make a contribution to relevant literature and fill the gap in the literature. For this purpose, a qualitative research method was applied. In addition, semi-structured interview techniques and observation techniques were utilized to collect data. Along with this, the discourse analysis technique was used for the analysis of the data. The study is limited to Zafer Mahallesi, which is located within the boundaries of the Osmangazi district of Bursa and is one of the neighborhoods where Albanian immigrants live intensely. The research group of the study consists of first and following generations of Albanian immigrants residing in Zafer Neighborhood or residing there for a while who migrated from North Macedonia and Kosovo. The findings obtained from the study were examined under three headings. Foremost, it is seen that Albanian immigrants define themselves through the norms and rules they have to comply with due to their strong ties to the community, including their country of origin and the post-migration process. In the second part of the findings, what was obtained about how and in which regions the Albanians living in Bursa settled in the city was conveyed. It has been observed that they live in a large area formed by the establishment of more than one neighborhood, including Zafer Neighborhood, the area that is generally defined as "under the garage". It has been observed that they can maintain their cultural identity because they live together in this region. However, as a result of the immigrants living in Bursa for many years and their contact with other cultures in the city, it is seen that their cultural identities have begun to show hybrid identity characteristics. In the third part of the findings, it is possible to see the reflections of hybridization at the level of practice when the past and present practices of the practices that are both a part and a transmitter of the Albanian cultural identity are compared. In this transformation experienced in transfer practices, it was the practical "womanhood states" that created the first domino effect. The transformation of "womanhood states" has transformed transference practices such as "marriage rituals", "living together" and "child-rearing". Therefore, it is possible to see the hybridization of Albanian cultural identity through the change of meanings attributed to "being a woman" in Albanian culture.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Sosyoloji, SOCIAL SCIENCES::Social sciences::Sociology, Kültürel kimlik, Cultural identity, Melez kimlik, Hybrid identity
