Hamitabat kombine çevrim santralinin enerji-ekserji analizi ve iyileştirme önerileri
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Tarih
2023
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Yayıncı
Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Ülkelerin artan enerji talepleri ve 2021 yılı sonunda ortaya çıkan enerji krizi ile enerji üretiminde kaynak çeşitliliği büyük önem kazanmıştır. Yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına yapılan yatırımlar her geçen yıl artmasına rağmen enerji talebinin karşılanmasında yetersiz kalmaktadır. Avrupa ülkelerinin çevre politikaları gereği yenilebilir enerjiye hızla geçişi, kömür ve doğalgaz yakıtlı santrallere olan yatırımları azaltmıştır. Bu durum enerji arzındaki yetersizlik sebebiyle enerji krizine sebep olmuştur. Birçok ülke kömür ve doğalgaz gibi baz yük santrallerini devreye alarak enerji taleplerini karşılamıştır. Bu kapsamda, doğalgaz ve kömür yakıtlı termik santraller güç üretimde önemli rol oynamaktadır. Bu sebeple özellikle doğalgaz çevrim santrallerinde emre amadelik ve rehabilitasyon çalışmaları büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada Kırklareli'nin Lüleburgaz ilçesinde bulunan Hamitabat Doğalgaz Kombine Çevrim Santrali (DKÇS) incelenmiştir. Hamitabat KÇS Türkiye'nin ilk doğalgaz kombine çevrim santralidir ve 2017 yılında 520 milyon €'luk bir proje ile yenilenerek kurulu gücü 1220 MW'a yükseltilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında Hamitabat DKÇS'nin enerji ve ekserji analizi yapılmıştır. Söz konusu analizler ile santralin bileşen bazında incelemesi gerçekleştirilerek tesis performansının geliştirilmesi için alternative yaklaşımlar belirlenebilecektir. Çalışmada Engineering Equation Solver (EES) programı kullanılmıştır ve santralin işletme verilerinden yararlanılmıştır. Hamitabat DKÇS'nin kompresör, yanma odası, gaz türbini, atık ısı geri kazanım kazanı, buhar türbinleri, kondenser, pompalar ve yardımcı ekipmanları detaylı olarak incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar ekserji yıkımının en fazla olduğu santral bileşeninin, toplam ekserji yıkımının %77,607'lik kısmını oluşturan, yanma odası olduğunu göstermiştir. Yanma odasını sırasıyla; atık ısı geri kazanım kazanı, kompresör, gaz türbini ve alçak basınç türbini takip etmektedir. Ekserji verimleri en yüksek olan ekipmanlar sırasıyla; gaz türbini, yüksek basınç türbini, kompresör, orta basınç türbini ve hidrolik türbin olarak tespit edilmiştir. En düşük ekserji verimliğine sahip ekipmanların yanma odası ve kondenser pompası olduğu bulunmuştur. Ekserji yıkımları ve ekserji verimlerine bağlı olarak en yüksek geliştirme potansiyeline sahip ekipmanlar sırasıyla; yanma odası, kompresör ve atık ısı geri kazanım kazanı olarak belirlenmiştir. Santralin enerji verimi %59,70, ekserji verimi ise %58,52 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Toplam ekserji yıkımı 396,084 MW ve toplam geliştirme potansiyeli 72,567 MW olarak bulunmuştur. Hamitabat KÇS'nin enerji ve ekserji analizine ilaveten sıcaklık ve basınç değerlerine bağlı olarak parametrik analizler yapılmıştır. Parametrik analizler kapsamında; kondenser basıncının alçak basınç türbinine ve santralin enerji ve ekserji verimine etkileri, yüksek basınç buhar türbini giriş sıcaklığının ve basıncının türbinin ekserji yıkımına ve toplam buhar türbini güç üretimine etkisi, orta basınç buhar türbini giriş sıcaklığının orta basınçlı buhar türbinin ekserji yıkımına ve toplam buhar türbini güç üretimine etkisi incelenmiştir. Kondenser basıncındaki 1,2 kPa'lık bir artışın alçak basınç türbinindeki güç üretimini 3,2 MW azalttığı tespit edilmiştir. Kondenser basıncının türbin gücündeki bu olumsuz etkisi santralin enerji ve ekserji verimlerini sırasıyla %0,312 ve %0,306 azaltmıştır. Yüksek basınç buhar türbini giriş sıcaklığının 592oC'den %5,1'lik artışla 622oC'ye çıkarılmasının buhar türbinlerinden üretilen toplam enerjiyi 8,6 MW arttırdığı ve yüksek basınç buhar türbininde meydana gelen ekserji yıkımını 2,8 MW azalttığı tespit edilmiştir. Yüksek basınç buhar türbini basıncının 16,8 MPa'dan 19,5 MPa'a çıkarılmasının buhar türbinlerinden elde edilen gücü 2,3 MW azalttığı, yüksek basınç buhar türbini ekserji yıkımını ise 2,7 MW arttırdığı tespit edilmiştir. Orta basınç buhar türbini giriş sıcaklığının 30oC arttırılması, buhar türbinlerindeki toplam güç üretimini 8,1 MW arttırdığı ve orta basınç buhar türbini ekserji yıkımını da 2,8 MW azalttığı görülmüştür. Sıcaklık artışının neden olduğu bu olumlu etki santralin enerji ve ekserji verimlerini sırasıyla %0,79 ve %0,77 iyileştirme potansiyeline sahiptir.
With increasing energy demands of countries and the energy crisis that emerged at the end of 2021, resource diversity in energy production has gained great importance. Although investments in renewable energy sources increase each year, they are insufficient to meet the energy demand. The rapid transition of European countries to renewable energy due to environmental policies caused to decrease the investments in coal and natural gas fired power plants. This approach resulted with an insufficient energy supply and caused the energy crisis. Many countries have met their energy demands by commissioning base load power plants such as coal and natural gas fired plants. In this regard, natural gas and coal fired thermal power plants play an important role in power generation. For this reason, availability and rehabilitation studies, especially in natural gas cycle power plants, are of great importance. In this study, Hamitabat natural gas combined cycle power plant (CCPP) located in Lüleburgaz district of Kırklareli was investigated. Hamitabat CCPP is Turkey's first natural gas CCPP. The plant was renovated in 2017 with a €520 million project and its installed power capacity was increased to 1220 MW. Within the scope of the study, the energy and exergy analysis of the Hamitabat CCPP is carried out. With these analyses, alternative approaches can be determined to improve the performance through a component-based examination of the power plant. In the study, Engineering Equation Solver (EES) program was used with actual power plant data. Compressor, combustion chamber, gas turbine, waste heat recovery steam generator, steam turbines, condenser, pumps and auxiliary components of the Hamitabat CCPP were examined in detail. The results show that the combustion chamber has the highest rate of exergy destruction and the equipment is responsible for 77.607% of total exergy destruction. Combustion chamber is followed by the waste heat recovery steam generator, compressor, gas turbine and low pressure turbine. Equipments with the highest exergy efficiency values are gas turbine, high pressure turbine, compressor, medium pressure turbine and hydraulic turbine. It has been determined that the equipments with the lowest exergy efficiency are the combustion chamber and the condenser pump. Based on the exergy destruction rate and exergy efficiency values, the equipments with the highest improvement potential are combustion chamber, compressor and waste heat recovery steam generator. The energy efficiency of the power plant is calculated as 59.70% while the exergy efficiency is 58.52%. The total rate of exergy destruction is determined to be 396.084 MW and the total improvement potential is 72.567 MW. In addition, parametric analyzes were made depending on the temperature and pressure values. In this regard the effect of condenser pressure on the low-pressure steam turbine and overall plant performance, the effect of high-pressure steam turbine temperature and pressure on the exergy destruction rate and total production of the high-pressure steam turbine, the effect of intermediate-pressure steam turbine temperature on the exergy destruction and total production of the intermediate-pressure steam turbine were investigated. It is found that an increase of 1.2kPa in the condenser pressure reduces the power generation in the low-pressure steam turbine by 3.2MW. The negative impact of increasing the condenser pressure decreases the energy and exergy efficiency of the plant by 0,312% and 0.306%, respectively. Increasing the high-pressure steam turbine inlet temperature by 5.1% from 592oC to 622oC increases the total power production of the steam turbines by 8.6 MW, and decreases the exergy destruction rate of the high-pressure steam turbine by 2.8 MW. Increasing the high-pressure steam turbine pressure from 16.8 MPa to 19.5 MPa reduces the power of the turbine by 2.3MW, and increases the exergy destruction rate of the high-pressure steam turbine by 2,7 MW. An increase of 30oC in the inlet temperature of intermediate-pressure steam turbine improves the total steam turbine power production by 8.1 MW and decreases the exergy destruction rate of the low-pressure steam turbine by 2.8 MW. The positive impact of increasing inlet temperature of intermediate-pressure steam turbine has the potential of improving the energy and exergy efficiency of plant by 0.79% and 0.77%, respectively.
With increasing energy demands of countries and the energy crisis that emerged at the end of 2021, resource diversity in energy production has gained great importance. Although investments in renewable energy sources increase each year, they are insufficient to meet the energy demand. The rapid transition of European countries to renewable energy due to environmental policies caused to decrease the investments in coal and natural gas fired power plants. This approach resulted with an insufficient energy supply and caused the energy crisis. Many countries have met their energy demands by commissioning base load power plants such as coal and natural gas fired plants. In this regard, natural gas and coal fired thermal power plants play an important role in power generation. For this reason, availability and rehabilitation studies, especially in natural gas cycle power plants, are of great importance. In this study, Hamitabat natural gas combined cycle power plant (CCPP) located in Lüleburgaz district of Kırklareli was investigated. Hamitabat CCPP is Turkey's first natural gas CCPP. The plant was renovated in 2017 with a €520 million project and its installed power capacity was increased to 1220 MW. Within the scope of the study, the energy and exergy analysis of the Hamitabat CCPP is carried out. With these analyses, alternative approaches can be determined to improve the performance through a component-based examination of the power plant. In the study, Engineering Equation Solver (EES) program was used with actual power plant data. Compressor, combustion chamber, gas turbine, waste heat recovery steam generator, steam turbines, condenser, pumps and auxiliary components of the Hamitabat CCPP were examined in detail. The results show that the combustion chamber has the highest rate of exergy destruction and the equipment is responsible for 77.607% of total exergy destruction. Combustion chamber is followed by the waste heat recovery steam generator, compressor, gas turbine and low pressure turbine. Equipments with the highest exergy efficiency values are gas turbine, high pressure turbine, compressor, medium pressure turbine and hydraulic turbine. It has been determined that the equipments with the lowest exergy efficiency are the combustion chamber and the condenser pump. Based on the exergy destruction rate and exergy efficiency values, the equipments with the highest improvement potential are combustion chamber, compressor and waste heat recovery steam generator. The energy efficiency of the power plant is calculated as 59.70% while the exergy efficiency is 58.52%. The total rate of exergy destruction is determined to be 396.084 MW and the total improvement potential is 72.567 MW. In addition, parametric analyzes were made depending on the temperature and pressure values. In this regard the effect of condenser pressure on the low-pressure steam turbine and overall plant performance, the effect of high-pressure steam turbine temperature and pressure on the exergy destruction rate and total production of the high-pressure steam turbine, the effect of intermediate-pressure steam turbine temperature on the exergy destruction and total production of the intermediate-pressure steam turbine were investigated. It is found that an increase of 1.2kPa in the condenser pressure reduces the power generation in the low-pressure steam turbine by 3.2MW. The negative impact of increasing the condenser pressure decreases the energy and exergy efficiency of the plant by 0,312% and 0.306%, respectively. Increasing the high-pressure steam turbine inlet temperature by 5.1% from 592oC to 622oC increases the total power production of the steam turbines by 8.6 MW, and decreases the exergy destruction rate of the high-pressure steam turbine by 2.8 MW. Increasing the high-pressure steam turbine pressure from 16.8 MPa to 19.5 MPa reduces the power of the turbine by 2.3MW, and increases the exergy destruction rate of the high-pressure steam turbine by 2,7 MW. An increase of 30oC in the inlet temperature of intermediate-pressure steam turbine improves the total steam turbine power production by 8.1 MW and decreases the exergy destruction rate of the low-pressure steam turbine by 2.8 MW. The positive impact of increasing inlet temperature of intermediate-pressure steam turbine has the potential of improving the energy and exergy efficiency of plant by 0.79% and 0.77%, respectively.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Doğal gaz enerji santrali, Natural gas power plant, Enerji santralleri, Power plants, GGaz çevrim enerji santralleri, Gas cycled power plant, Kombine çevrim santralleri, Combine cycle plants, Termal enerji, Thermal energy, Termik santraller, Thermal power plants
