Atık şardon havlarının biyokompozit olarak tekstilde tekrar kullanımı
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Günümüzde sanayileşmenin hız kazanmasıyla birlikte kaynakların tüketimi ve atık üretimi hızla artmaktadır ve bu doğrultuda 'sürdürülebilirlik' ve 'sıfır atık' kavramları önem kazanmaktadır . Bu kavramlar çerçevesinde, doğal kaynakların tükenmesi ve iklim değişikliğini etkileyen tüm unsurlara karşı gerekli önlemleri almak için çalışmalar hız kazanmıştır. Biyokompozit malzemeler geri dönüşüm ve sürdürülebilirlik çalışmalarının öne çıkmasıyla ön planda olmakta ve doğal liflerin kullanımı için alternatif bir malzeme olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Tez çalışmasında, sürdürülebilir bir yaklaşım ile tekstil sektöründe kullanılan şardon prosesi sonrasında atık olarak kalan renkli %100 pamuk ve %100 poliester havların biyokompozit malzeme olarak değerlendirilip, pigment baskı patı içinde renklendirici bir boyar madde olarak sentetik boyar maddeye alternatif olup olamayacağının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında sentetik boyar madde ve renkli pamuk/poliester atık havları pigment baskı patı içinde renklendirici olarak kullanılmıştır. Renkli atık pamuk ve poliester havları, tekstil sektöründe yaygın olarak kullanılan şardon prosesi sonrasında vakumlu hava yardımı ile torbalara toplanılmaktadır. Renklendirici olarak kullanılan sentetik boyar madde, boyalı atık pamuk/poliester havları pigment baskı patı olarak hazırlandıktan sonra kumaşlara palaska yardımıyla uygulanmıştır. Kullanılan patların uygulandığı nihai ürünlerin haslık ve fiziksel test sonuçları karşılaştırılmıştır. Ayrıca çalışmada, farklı renklendiricilerle oluşturulan pigment baskı patının uygulandığı %100 pamuk ve %100 poliester alt zeminli kumaşlardaki test sonuçları da karşılaştırılmış ve alt zemin cinsinin etkileri incelenmiştir. Tez kapsamında yapılan denemeler için kullanılan pamuk ve poliester baskı altı kumaşı benzer prosesler ile işleme alınmış ve buradaki belirsizlikler yorumlanmıştır. Elde edilen baskı altı kumaşları alt zemin kumaşı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Deneme çalışmalarındaki reçeteler, renklendirici boyar madde cinsi ve miktarına bağlı olarak doğrusal bir şekilde artış ile planlanmıştır. Alt zemin kumaşlara ilgili reçeteler palaska yöntemiyle uygulanmıştır. Farklı renklendiriciler ile renklendirilen pigment baskı patının uygulandığı kumaşlar belirli şartlarda fikse edilmiş ve bu fiksaj işlemi ile sabitleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda her bir renklendirici ile oluşturulan nihai ürünlerin birbirine alternatif olup olmayacağı yapılan fiziksel ve haslık test sonuçlarının analizleri ile ortaya konulmuştur. Fiziksel ve haslık testleri için AATCC 8, AATCC 135, AATCC 179, ISO 105-C06, ISO 105-E01, ISO 105 E-04, ISO 13938-1, ISO 3801, ASTM D-1777, ASTM D-3512 metotları uygulanmıştır. Yapılan tez kapsamında amaçlanan hedef gerçekleştirilmiş ve sentetik boyar maddelere alternatif boyalı atı havların kullanılabileceği test sonuçları verileri ile gösterilmiştir. Haslık test sonucu verileri her bir renklendirici için 4,0/4,5 arasında sonuçlar vermiştir ve bu sonuçlar arasındaki yarım puanlık fark ISO 105-A03 metotuna göre benzer sonuçları ifade etmektedir. Fiziksel test sonuçlarında her bir renklendirici için bakıldığında et kalınlığı testi ve gramaj testinin renklendiriciye bağlı olarak değiştiği gözlemlenmektedir. İşlem sonrası gramaj testi verilerine göre sentetik boyar madde ile renklendirilmiş baskı patının uygulandığı kumaşların gramajları 205,0-250,0 g/m² aralığında değişirken atık havlar ile renklendirilmiş baskı patının uygulandığı kumaşların gramajları 220,0-300,0 g/m² aralığında değerler gösterdiği gözlemlenmiştir. Ayrıca et kalınlığı testi sonuçlarında da sentetik boyar madde ile renklendirilmiş baskı patının uygulandığı kumaşların et kalınlığı 0,4292-0,5412 mm aralığında değişirken atık havlar ile renklendirilmiş baskı patının uygulandığı kumaşların et kalınlığı 0,4472-0,6316 mm aralığında değerler gösterdiği gözlemlenmiştir. Yapılan çalışmalarda atık havlar palaska yöntemi ile uygulanmış ve sentetik boyar maddeye alternatifi tespit edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda alternatif olarak sunulan atık pamuk ve atık poliester havlarının üretime uygunluğu için baskı prosesinde kullanılan şablonlardan geçecek kadar küçük boyutlara sahip tozlar elde edilmesi ve uygun fiziksel parçalayıcılar bulunması alternatif çalışma önerileri olarak değerlendirilebilir.
With the speed of industrialization today, the consumption of resources and the production of waste are increasing rapidly, and therefore the concepts of 'sustainability' and 'zero waste' are becoming more important. Under these concepts, work has gained speed to take necessary measures against the exhaustion of natural resources and all factors affecting climate change. Biocomposite materials are at the forefront of recycling and sustainability work and are considered an alternative material for the use of natural fibers. The purpose of the thesis study is to adversely affect the world in terms of the use of raw materials and water resources of the textile industry, and a study has been made for the use of this waste sector, as certain waste is considered. As part of the intended study, a sustainable approach and discarded colored 100% cotton and 100% polester fuzzes that remain atile after the sardon process used in the textile industry were considered biocomposite material, and the pigment printing was examined as an alternative to synthetic paint as a coloring agent in a paw. Within the scope of the study, synthetic dyestuff and colored cotton/polyester waste fuzz were used as colorants in the pigment printing paste. Colored waste cotton and polyester fuzzes are collected in bags with the help of vacuum air after the raising process, which is widely used in the textile industry. Synthetic dyestuff used as a colorant was applied to the fabrics with the help of a belt after the dyed waste cotton/polyester fuzz was prepared as a pigment printing paste. The fastness and physical test results of the final products to which the pastes used were applied were compared. In addition, in the study, the test results on 100% cotton and 100% polyester substrates on which pigment printing paste created with different colorants were applied were also compared and the effects of the substrate type were examined. The cotton and polyester printing fabric used for the trials within the scope of the thesis were processed with similar processes and the uncertainties here were interpreted. The obtained underpress fabrics were evaluated as subfloor fabric. The recipes in the trial studies were planned with a linear increase depending on the type and amount of colorant dyestuff. Relevant prescriptions were applied to the subfloor fabrics by the belt method. The fabrics on which the pigment printing paste colored with different colorants are applied are fixed under certain conditions and fixed with this fixation process. As a result of the study, whether the final products created with each colorant will be an alternative to each other has been revealed by the analyzes of the physical and fastness test results. AATCC 8, AATCC 135, AATCC 179, ISO 105-C06, ISO 105-E01, ISO 105 E-04, ISO 13938-1, ISO 3801, ASTM D-1777, ASTM D-3512 methods were applied for physical and fastness tests. Within the scope of the thesis, the aim was achieved and the test results showed that dyed waste fuzz can be used as an alternative to synthetic dyestuffs. Fastness test result data yielded results between 4.0/4.5 for each colorant, and the half-point difference between these results indicates similar results according to the ISO 105-A03 method. When the physical test results are examined for each colorant, it is observed that the wall thickness test and weight test vary depending on the colorant. According to the post-process weight test data, the weight of the fabrics on which printing paste colored with synthetic dyestuff is applied varies between 205.0-250.0 g/m², while the weight of the fabrics on which printing paste colored with waste fuzz is applied shows values in the range of 220.0-300.0 g/m² has been observed. In addition, in the wall thickness test results, it was observed that the wall thickness of the fabrics to which the printing paste colored with synthetic dyestuff was applied varied between 0.4292-0.5412 mm, while the wall thickness of the fabrics to which the printing paste colored with waste fuzz was applied showed values in the range of 0.4472-0.6316 mm. In the studies, waste fuzz was applied with the belt method and an alternative to synthetic dyestuff was determined. In this context, obtaining powders that are small enough to pass through the templates used in the printing process and finding suitable physical disintegrants for the suitability of waste cotton and waste polyester fuzz for production can be considered as alternative working suggestions.
With the speed of industrialization today, the consumption of resources and the production of waste are increasing rapidly, and therefore the concepts of 'sustainability' and 'zero waste' are becoming more important. Under these concepts, work has gained speed to take necessary measures against the exhaustion of natural resources and all factors affecting climate change. Biocomposite materials are at the forefront of recycling and sustainability work and are considered an alternative material for the use of natural fibers. The purpose of the thesis study is to adversely affect the world in terms of the use of raw materials and water resources of the textile industry, and a study has been made for the use of this waste sector, as certain waste is considered. As part of the intended study, a sustainable approach and discarded colored 100% cotton and 100% polester fuzzes that remain atile after the sardon process used in the textile industry were considered biocomposite material, and the pigment printing was examined as an alternative to synthetic paint as a coloring agent in a paw. Within the scope of the study, synthetic dyestuff and colored cotton/polyester waste fuzz were used as colorants in the pigment printing paste. Colored waste cotton and polyester fuzzes are collected in bags with the help of vacuum air after the raising process, which is widely used in the textile industry. Synthetic dyestuff used as a colorant was applied to the fabrics with the help of a belt after the dyed waste cotton/polyester fuzz was prepared as a pigment printing paste. The fastness and physical test results of the final products to which the pastes used were applied were compared. In addition, in the study, the test results on 100% cotton and 100% polyester substrates on which pigment printing paste created with different colorants were applied were also compared and the effects of the substrate type were examined. The cotton and polyester printing fabric used for the trials within the scope of the thesis were processed with similar processes and the uncertainties here were interpreted. The obtained underpress fabrics were evaluated as subfloor fabric. The recipes in the trial studies were planned with a linear increase depending on the type and amount of colorant dyestuff. Relevant prescriptions were applied to the subfloor fabrics by the belt method. The fabrics on which the pigment printing paste colored with different colorants are applied are fixed under certain conditions and fixed with this fixation process. As a result of the study, whether the final products created with each colorant will be an alternative to each other has been revealed by the analyzes of the physical and fastness test results. AATCC 8, AATCC 135, AATCC 179, ISO 105-C06, ISO 105-E01, ISO 105 E-04, ISO 13938-1, ISO 3801, ASTM D-1777, ASTM D-3512 methods were applied for physical and fastness tests. Within the scope of the thesis, the aim was achieved and the test results showed that dyed waste fuzz can be used as an alternative to synthetic dyestuffs. Fastness test result data yielded results between 4.0/4.5 for each colorant, and the half-point difference between these results indicates similar results according to the ISO 105-A03 method. When the physical test results are examined for each colorant, it is observed that the wall thickness test and weight test vary depending on the colorant. According to the post-process weight test data, the weight of the fabrics on which printing paste colored with synthetic dyestuff is applied varies between 205.0-250.0 g/m², while the weight of the fabrics on which printing paste colored with waste fuzz is applied shows values in the range of 220.0-300.0 g/m² has been observed. In addition, in the wall thickness test results, it was observed that the wall thickness of the fabrics to which the printing paste colored with synthetic dyestuff was applied varied between 0.4292-0.5412 mm, while the wall thickness of the fabrics to which the printing paste colored with waste fuzz was applied showed values in the range of 0.4472-0.6316 mm. In the studies, waste fuzz was applied with the belt method and an alternative to synthetic dyestuff was determined. In this context, obtaining powders that are small enough to pass through the templates used in the printing process and finding suitable physical disintegrants for the suitability of waste cotton and waste polyester fuzz for production can be considered as alternative working suggestions.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Biyomühendislik, Bioengineering
