Söğüt bölgesi organik zemininin süper beyaz çimento ve puzolanik çimento ile stabilizasyonu
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2022
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Hızla artan dünya nüfusuyla birlikte kentleşme, sanayileşme beraberinde yapı alanlarının hızla azalmasına neden olmuştur. Yapılar için kullanılabilir temel zemini özelliği gösteren uygun alanların azalması sonucu uygun olmayan zeminler üzerinde yapılaşma mecburiyetini getirmiştir. Diğer bir deyişle üzerlerine inşa edilen mühendislik yapılarında taşıma gücü yetersizliği, oturma, şev/yamaç duraysızlıkları ve dolgularda zemine batma gibi önemli mühendislik sorunlarına neden olan ve geoteknik açıdan bilinen en problemli zeminlerden biride alansal olarak yeryüzünün yaklaşık % 8'ini kaplayan organik zeminlerdir. Bu tez kapsamında yapılan çalışmada Süper Beyaz Çimentosunun Söğüt bölgesi organik zemininin stabilizasyonunda etkinliği araştırılmıştır. Tez çalışması kapsamında ilk olarak Söğüt Bölgesinden alınan organik zeminin fiziksel özellikleri belirleme deneyleri kapsamında elek analizi, hidrometre, özgül ağırlık ve kıvam limit ve proctor testleri yapılmıştır. Süper Beyaz Çimentosunun etkinliğinin karşılaştırılabilmesi için organik zemin ayrıca Puzolanik Çimento ile de stabilize edilmiştir. Stabilizasyon deneylerinde organik zeminler içine ağırlıkça %10, %15, %20 oranlarında Süper Beyaz Çimento ve Puzolanik Çimento katılmıştır. Bahsedilen karışım oranlarında Atterberg limitleri tayin edilip katkısız zemin, Süper Beyaz Çimento ve Puzolanik Çimentoların karşılaştırılmaları yapılmıştır. Stabilizasyon sonrası numunelerin proctor eğrileri çizilerek optimum su muhtevaları ve maksimum kuru birim hacim ağırlık değerleri belirlenmiştir. Optimum su muhtevası ve maksimum kuru birim hacim ağırlık değerlerine göre hazırlanan numuneler açık ortam ve streçe sarılı halde bekletilerek 7, 28, 56 ve 90 günlerde serbest basınç ve 56, 90. günlerde üç eksenli basınç deneylerine tabi tutulmuştur. Atterberg limitleri incelendiğinde ise katkısız organik zemine Süper Beyaz Çimento ve Puzolanik Çimento katılınca likit limit ve plastik limitin arttığı görülmüştür. Plastisite indisi ise organik zemine Puzolanik Çimento katıldığında artış gösterirken Süper Beyaz Çimento katılınca düştüğü görülmüştür. Stabilizasyon sonrası yapılan proctor deneylerinde sonuçlar incelendiğinde Hem PC ile stabilize edilmiş organik zeminde hemde SBC ile stabilize edilmiş zeminde çimento oranının artması ile optimum su muhtevaları ve maksimum kuru birim hacim ağırlıklarının arttığı görülmektedir. SBC ile stabilize edilmiş zeminin maksimum kuru birim hacim ağırlık ve optimum su muhtevası değerleri PC ile stabilize edilmiş zeminin maksimum kuru birim hacim ağırlık ve optimum su muhtevasından yüksek çıkmıştır. Serbest basınç deneyleri sonucunca açık ortamda bekletilmiş, Süper Beyaz Çimento ve Puzolanik Çimento ile stabilize edilmiş organik zemininin serbest basınç dayanımı streçe sarılı halde bekletilmiş Süper Beyaz ve Puzolanik çimento ile stabilize edilmiş organik zemininin basınç dayanımından yüksek çıkmıştır. Üç eksenli basınç deneyleri sonucunda Süper Beyaz çimento ile stabilize edilmiş organik zeminin kayma mukavemeti parametreleri Puzolanik çimento ile stabilize edilmiş organik zeminin kayma mukavemetinden yüksek çıkmıştır. Organik zeminin Süper Beyaz çimento ve Puzolanik çimento ile stabilize edilmesiyle kayma mukavemeti parametreleri iyileşmiştir. Yapılan deneysel çalışmalar sonucunda organik zemine ilave edilen SBC ve PC katkılarının zeminin mühendislik özelliklerini iyileştirdiği görülmüştür. SBC'nun PC'ya göre daha etkili bir kimyasal stabilizasyon malzemesi olduğu ve organik zeminin mukavemet değerlerinde daha iyi sonuçlar verdiği görülmüştür.
With the rapidly increasing world population, urbanization and industrialization have led to a rapid decrease in building areas. As a result of the decrease in suitable areas that have the characteristics of usable foundation for buildings, it has brought the obligation to build on unsuitable soils. In other words, one of the most problematic geotechnically known soils, which cause important engineering problems such as insufficient bearing capacity, settlement, slope/slope instabilities and sinking into the ground in the engineering structures built on them, are organic soils covering approximately 8% of the earth's surface. In this study, it was aimed to stabilize problematic organic soils with complex contents with cement. Within the scope of the thesis study, sieve analysis, hydrometer, specific gravity and consistency limit and proctor tests were carried out within the scope of the physical properties determination experiments of the organic soil taken from the Söğüt Region. In order to compare the effectiveness of the super white cement, the organic ground was also stabilized with pozzolanic cement. In the stabilization experiments, Super White cement and pozzolanic cement were added at the rates of 10%, 15% and 20% by weight into the organic soils. At the mentioned mixing ratios, the Atterberg limits were determined and the comparison of pure ground, Super White Cement and Pozzolanic Cement was made. Optimum water content and maximum dry unit volume weight values were determined by plotting the proctor curves of the samples after stabilization. Samples prepared according to optimum water content and maximum dry unit volume weight values were subjected to free pressure and triaxial pressure tests at 7, 28, 56 and 90 days by keeping them in open environment and stretch wrapped. When the Atterberg limits were examined, it was observed that the liquid limit and plastic limit increased when Super White Cement and Pozzolanic Cement were added to the organic soil without additives. It was observed that the plasticity index increased when Pozzolanic Cement was added to the organic ground, while it decreased when Super White Cement was added. When the results of the proctor tests performed after stabilization are examined, it is seen that the optimum water content and maximum dry unit volume weights increase with the increase in the cement ratio in both the organic soil stabilized with PC and the soil stabilized with SBC. The maximum dry unit weight and optimum water content of the soil stabilized with SBC were higher than the maximum dry unit weight and optimum water content of the soil stabilized with PC. As a result of the Uniaxial compressive strentgh tests, the Uniaxial compressive strentgh of the organic soil stabilized with Super White and Pozzolanic cement, which was kept in an open environment, was higher than the compressive strength of the organic soil stabilized with Super White and Pozzolanic cement, which was kept in a stretch-wrapped state. As a result of triaxial compressive strength tests, the shear strength parameters of organic soil stabilized with Super White cement were higher than the shear strength of organic soil stabilized with pozzolanic cement. Shear strength parameters were improved by stabilizing the organic soil with Super White cement and Pozzolanic cement. As a result of the experimental studies, it was seen that the sbc and pc additives added to the organic soil improved the engineering properties of the soil. It has been observed that sbc is a more effective chemical stabilization material than pc and gives better results in the strength values of organic soil.
With the rapidly increasing world population, urbanization and industrialization have led to a rapid decrease in building areas. As a result of the decrease in suitable areas that have the characteristics of usable foundation for buildings, it has brought the obligation to build on unsuitable soils. In other words, one of the most problematic geotechnically known soils, which cause important engineering problems such as insufficient bearing capacity, settlement, slope/slope instabilities and sinking into the ground in the engineering structures built on them, are organic soils covering approximately 8% of the earth's surface. In this study, it was aimed to stabilize problematic organic soils with complex contents with cement. Within the scope of the thesis study, sieve analysis, hydrometer, specific gravity and consistency limit and proctor tests were carried out within the scope of the physical properties determination experiments of the organic soil taken from the Söğüt Region. In order to compare the effectiveness of the super white cement, the organic ground was also stabilized with pozzolanic cement. In the stabilization experiments, Super White cement and pozzolanic cement were added at the rates of 10%, 15% and 20% by weight into the organic soils. At the mentioned mixing ratios, the Atterberg limits were determined and the comparison of pure ground, Super White Cement and Pozzolanic Cement was made. Optimum water content and maximum dry unit volume weight values were determined by plotting the proctor curves of the samples after stabilization. Samples prepared according to optimum water content and maximum dry unit volume weight values were subjected to free pressure and triaxial pressure tests at 7, 28, 56 and 90 days by keeping them in open environment and stretch wrapped. When the Atterberg limits were examined, it was observed that the liquid limit and plastic limit increased when Super White Cement and Pozzolanic Cement were added to the organic soil without additives. It was observed that the plasticity index increased when Pozzolanic Cement was added to the organic ground, while it decreased when Super White Cement was added. When the results of the proctor tests performed after stabilization are examined, it is seen that the optimum water content and maximum dry unit volume weights increase with the increase in the cement ratio in both the organic soil stabilized with PC and the soil stabilized with SBC. The maximum dry unit weight and optimum water content of the soil stabilized with SBC were higher than the maximum dry unit weight and optimum water content of the soil stabilized with PC. As a result of the Uniaxial compressive strentgh tests, the Uniaxial compressive strentgh of the organic soil stabilized with Super White and Pozzolanic cement, which was kept in an open environment, was higher than the compressive strength of the organic soil stabilized with Super White and Pozzolanic cement, which was kept in a stretch-wrapped state. As a result of triaxial compressive strength tests, the shear strength parameters of organic soil stabilized with Super White cement were higher than the shear strength of organic soil stabilized with pozzolanic cement. Shear strength parameters were improved by stabilizing the organic soil with Super White cement and Pozzolanic cement. As a result of the experimental studies, it was seen that the sbc and pc additives added to the organic soil improved the engineering properties of the soil. It has been observed that sbc is a more effective chemical stabilization material than pc and gives better results in the strength values of organic soil.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Organik Zemin, Stabilizasyon, Süper Beyaz Çimento, Serbest Basınç Dayanımı, Üç Eksenli Basınç Dayanımı, Atterberg limitleri, Organic Soils, Stabilization, Super White Cement, Uniaxial compressive strentgh, Triaxial Compressive Strength, Atterberg Limits
