P,p'-DDT ve metabolitleriyle kirlenmiş bir saha için ekolojik risk değerlendirilmesi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2022
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Diklorodifeniltrikloroetan (DDT); pestisit olarak kullanımı yasaklanmış olsa da, geçmişte uygulanmış olduğu tarım arazilerinin topraklarında ve bu topraklarda yetişen tarımsal ürünlerde halen önemli miktarlarda gözlemlenebilen kalıcı bir kirleticidir. Bu tez çalışması, p,p'-DDT ve metabolitleri (DDX) ile kirlenmiş tarım arazisi topraklarının neden olabileceği ekolojik riskleri tahmin etmeyi amaçlayan bir ekolojik risk değerlendirmesi çalışmasıdır. Çalışma, halen önemli miktarda tarımsal üretim faaliyeti yapılan Sakarya ilindeki tarım arazisi topraklarına odaklanarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada değerlendirmeye alınmış olan söz konusu topraklardaki kirletici konsantrasyonları, in-situ ve ex-situ şeklinde 2 farklı biçimde gerçekleştirilen bir sebze üretimi sonrasında elde edilmiş olan 53 toprak numunesindeki DDX analizlerinin sonuçlarıdır (94 – 2,608 ng DDX/gr kuru toprak). Bu analiz sonuçları kullanılarak, ilk olarak, söz konusu alanlarda yaşaması muhtemel 14 farklı memeli (kısa kuyruklu fare, tarla faresi, beyaz ayaklı fare, pamuk kuyruklu tavşan, kızıl tilki, ak kuyruklu geyik, Kanada vaşağı, maskeli kır faresi, Amerika tavşanı, orman ren geyiği, siyah kuyruklu çayır köpeği, beyaz kuyruklu çayır köpeği, keseli sıçan ve rakun) ve 10 farklı kuş türünün (Amerikan ardıç kuşu, Amerikan çulluğu, vahşi hindi, kızıl kuyruklu şahin, kır baykuşu, ladin tavuğu, Kanada kazı, uzun bacaklı kumkuşu, kumkuşu ve perdeli kumkuşu), söz konusu toprağa ağız yoluyla maruz kalması sonucunda gerçekleşebilecek DDX alımları hesaplanmıştır. Hesaplanan bu olası alımlar, bu çalışma için özel olarak yapılandırılmış olan bir Monte Carlo simülasyonunu temel alan stokastik bir yaklaşımla düzenlenen senaryolara adapte edilmişir. Simülasyonlar sonucunda da olası akut toksisite ve üreme toksisitesi risk değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen nihai bulgular; çalışmada referans alınan memeli ve kuş türleri için herhangi bir akut riske işaret etmemektedir. Öte yandan bulgular, hem kuş hem de memeliler için önemli bir üreme toksisitesi riski olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Çalışmada yapılan hesaplamalarda ilgili bölgelerdeki kirlenmiş topraklara yeme haricindeki farklı biçimlerde maruz kalma yollarının ve ilgili bölgelerde yetişen tarımsal ürünlerin tüketiminin dikkate alınmamış olması da mutlaka göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. Bu bulgulardan hareketle, ülkemizde yalnızca insan sağlığı açısından yapılan risk değerlendirmesi çalışmaları ve uygulanan yasal sınırlamaların, diğer canlı türleri için de dikkate alınması ve araştırmaların genişletilmesi önerilmektedir.
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is a persistent pollutant that can still be observed in significant amounts in the lands where it was applied in the past and in agricultural products grown on these soils, even though its use as a pesticide is prohibited. This thesis is an ecological risk assessment study aiming to predict the ecological risks that may be caused by agricultural soils contaminated with DDT and its metabolites (DDX). The study was carried out by focusing on agricultural land soils in Sakarya province, where a significant amount of agricultural production activities are still carried out. The pollutant concentrations in the aforementioned soils evaluated in the study are the results of DDX analyzes of 53 soil samples (94 – 2,608 ng DDX/gr dry soil) obtained after a vegetable production carried out in 2 different ways as in-situ and ex-situ. Using these analysis results, firstly, 14 different mammals (short-tailed shrew, meadow vole, white-footed mouse, eastern cottontail, red fox, white-tailed deer, Canadian lynx, masked shrew, snowshoe hare, woodland caribou, black- tailed prairie dog, white-tailed prairie dog, opossum, and raccoon) and 10 different bird species (American robin, American woodcock, wild turkey, red-tailed hawk, short-eared owl, spruce grouse, Canadian goose, stilt sandpiper, sandpiper and semipalmated sandpiper), DDX uptakes that could occur as a result of oral exposure to the soil in question were calculated.These calculated probable soil ingestions were adapted to scenarios organized with a stochastic approach based on a Monte Carlo simulation configured specifically for this study. On the other hand, the findings point to a significant risk of reproductive toxicity for both birds and mammals. As a consequence of these simulations, risk assesments of probable acute toxicity and reproductive toxicity were calculated. It should be necessarily taken into account that, different ways of exposure to polluted soils other than eating and consumption of agricultural products grown in the relevant regions were not taken into account in the calculations made in the study. Based on these findings, it is recommended that risk assessment studies and legal restrictions applied only in terms of human health should be taken into account for other living species too and the researches should be expanded.
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is a persistent pollutant that can still be observed in significant amounts in the lands where it was applied in the past and in agricultural products grown on these soils, even though its use as a pesticide is prohibited. This thesis is an ecological risk assessment study aiming to predict the ecological risks that may be caused by agricultural soils contaminated with DDT and its metabolites (DDX). The study was carried out by focusing on agricultural land soils in Sakarya province, where a significant amount of agricultural production activities are still carried out. The pollutant concentrations in the aforementioned soils evaluated in the study are the results of DDX analyzes of 53 soil samples (94 – 2,608 ng DDX/gr dry soil) obtained after a vegetable production carried out in 2 different ways as in-situ and ex-situ. Using these analysis results, firstly, 14 different mammals (short-tailed shrew, meadow vole, white-footed mouse, eastern cottontail, red fox, white-tailed deer, Canadian lynx, masked shrew, snowshoe hare, woodland caribou, black- tailed prairie dog, white-tailed prairie dog, opossum, and raccoon) and 10 different bird species (American robin, American woodcock, wild turkey, red-tailed hawk, short-eared owl, spruce grouse, Canadian goose, stilt sandpiper, sandpiper and semipalmated sandpiper), DDX uptakes that could occur as a result of oral exposure to the soil in question were calculated.These calculated probable soil ingestions were adapted to scenarios organized with a stochastic approach based on a Monte Carlo simulation configured specifically for this study. On the other hand, the findings point to a significant risk of reproductive toxicity for both birds and mammals. As a consequence of these simulations, risk assesments of probable acute toxicity and reproductive toxicity were calculated. It should be necessarily taken into account that, different ways of exposure to polluted soils other than eating and consumption of agricultural products grown in the relevant regions were not taken into account in the calculations made in the study. Based on these findings, it is recommended that risk assessment studies and legal restrictions applied only in terms of human health should be taken into account for other living species too and the researches should be expanded.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
DDT, çevresel risk değerlendirmesi, uzun dönemli toksisite, pestisitler, environmental risk assessment, reproductive toxicity, pesticides
