Ergene nehrinde pestisit kalıntılarının belirlenmesi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2021
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışma, yoğun tarımsal alanlardan ve endüstriyel atıksuların deşarj edildiği Ergene Nehrindeki pestisit kalıntılarını araştırmaktadır. Nehir boyunca ürün ve endüstri tipi göz önünde bulundurularak 13 noktadan, 2020 yılının Temmuz ve ağustos aylarında numuneler alındı. Sudaki çözünürlüğü yüksek olan pestisitleri ölçmek için numuneler delik çapı 0,22 µm olan şırınga filtrelerden geçirilerek, LC-MSMS kullanılarak analiz edildi. Diğer pestisitler ise sıvı sıvı ekstraksiyon, numune temizleme ve çözücü değişimi yapıldıktan sonra GC-MS/MS kullanılarak analiz edildi. EPA, ISO ve ASTM metotlarını valide etmek için, suda çözünebilen pestisitler için UPLC-Xevo TQ-XS MS/MS (Zspray ESI+ Source) ve çözücüde çözünen pestisitler için7890B APGC-Xevo TQ-XS MS/MS/MS kullanılmıştır. Waters MassLynx V4.2 yazılımı ile numunelerdeki pestisitlerin tanımlaması yapılmıştır. Numunelerdeki geri kazanım oranı % 80 ile %20 arasında değişmiş olup, LOD, LOQ değerleri belirlenmiş, pik ve gürültü oranları hesaplanmıştır. Toplam 435 adet pestisit taranmıştır. Taranan pestisitlerden tanımlanan 25 adedi şunlardır: 2-Phenylphenol, 3,4-Dichloroaniline, Acetamiprid, Alachlor, Biphenyl, Bispyribac, Carbendazim, Chloroneb, Chlorotoluron, Chlorsulfuron, Clomazone, Cypermethrin Beta, Diazinon, Diphenylamine, Fenpropathrin, Fipronil, Imidacloprid, Metalaxyl, Metribuzin, Oxadiazon, Phenthoate, Piperonyl butoxide, Pretilachlor, Pyrimethanil ve Thiamethoxam. En yüksek 2-Phenylphenol Metribuzin konsantrasyonları sırası ile 0,14 mg/L ve 2,08 mg/L. Tanımlanan 25 pestisitten 8 adedi Türkiye'de kullanımı yasaklanmış olup, su numunelerindeki konsantrasyonları 4,14 ng/L ile 439,35 ng/L olarak belirlenmiştir. Ergene Nehrinde tanımlanan pestisitlerin tarımsal faaliyetler ile ilgili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu pestisitlerin kaynakları konusunda daha detaylı çalışmaya ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
This study investigates pesticide residues in the Ergene River where runoff pesticides from surrounding agricultural areas and discharges of industrial wastewater into the river basin. Water samples were collected from the selected 13 sampling locations based on types of the crop and industry among the Ergene River basin in July and August of 2020. LC-MSMS was used to measure the pesticides having high solubility in water samples after filtering with a 0,22 µm pore size of syringe filters. The rest of the pesticides in the water samples were measured by GC-MS/MS right after liquid-liquid extraction, sample cleaning, and solvent exchange processes. To validate the EPA, ISO, and ASTM methods, UPLC-Xevo TQ-XS MS/MS (Zspray ESI+ Source) device for water-soluble pesticides and 7890B APGC-Xevo TQ-XS MS/MS/MS for solvent-soluble pesticides were used in our analytical instruments. Pesticides were identified by using Waters MassLynx V4.2 software, improving data acquisition and processing features for mass spectrometry with MS (APGC+ Source) device. The detection limit (LOD), the limit of quantification (LOQ) were calculated from the signal to noise ratios for pesticides. Recovery for the samples ranged from 80 % to 120%. Total 435 pesticides were scanned in the water samples. A 25 of them identified which are 2-Phenylphenol, 3,4-Dichloroaniline, Acetamiprid, Alachlor, Biphenyl, Bispyribac, Carbendazim, Chloroneb, Chlorotoluron, Chlorsulfuron, Clomazone, Cypermethrin Beta, Diazinon, Diphenylamine, Fenpropathrin, Fipronil, Imidacloprid, Metalaxyl, Metribuzin, Oxadiazon, Phenthoate, Piperonyl butoxide, Pretilachlor, Pyrimethanil ve Thiamethoxam. The highest concentrations of 2-Phenylphenol Metribuzin were 0,14 mg/L and 2,08 mg/L, respectively. A-8 out of 25 identified pesticides were banned in Turkey and concentrations ranged from 4,14 ng/L to 439,35 ng/L. The residual pesticides detected in the Ergene River are closely related to the agricultural activities around the river basin. Further investigation needs to be done on the sources of pesticides.
This study investigates pesticide residues in the Ergene River where runoff pesticides from surrounding agricultural areas and discharges of industrial wastewater into the river basin. Water samples were collected from the selected 13 sampling locations based on types of the crop and industry among the Ergene River basin in July and August of 2020. LC-MSMS was used to measure the pesticides having high solubility in water samples after filtering with a 0,22 µm pore size of syringe filters. The rest of the pesticides in the water samples were measured by GC-MS/MS right after liquid-liquid extraction, sample cleaning, and solvent exchange processes. To validate the EPA, ISO, and ASTM methods, UPLC-Xevo TQ-XS MS/MS (Zspray ESI+ Source) device for water-soluble pesticides and 7890B APGC-Xevo TQ-XS MS/MS/MS for solvent-soluble pesticides were used in our analytical instruments. Pesticides were identified by using Waters MassLynx V4.2 software, improving data acquisition and processing features for mass spectrometry with MS (APGC+ Source) device. The detection limit (LOD), the limit of quantification (LOQ) were calculated from the signal to noise ratios for pesticides. Recovery for the samples ranged from 80 % to 120%. Total 435 pesticides were scanned in the water samples. A 25 of them identified which are 2-Phenylphenol, 3,4-Dichloroaniline, Acetamiprid, Alachlor, Biphenyl, Bispyribac, Carbendazim, Chloroneb, Chlorotoluron, Chlorsulfuron, Clomazone, Cypermethrin Beta, Diazinon, Diphenylamine, Fenpropathrin, Fipronil, Imidacloprid, Metalaxyl, Metribuzin, Oxadiazon, Phenthoate, Piperonyl butoxide, Pretilachlor, Pyrimethanil ve Thiamethoxam. The highest concentrations of 2-Phenylphenol Metribuzin were 0,14 mg/L and 2,08 mg/L, respectively. A-8 out of 25 identified pesticides were banned in Turkey and concentrations ranged from 4,14 ng/L to 439,35 ng/L. The residual pesticides detected in the Ergene River are closely related to the agricultural activities around the river basin. Further investigation needs to be done on the sources of pesticides.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Chemistry, Çevre Mühendisliği, Kimya, Environmental Engineering
