Kızılçam (Pinus brutia) kabuk taneni ile modifiye edilmiş üre formaldehit tutkalının özellikleri
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmada kızılçam kabuk taneni ile modifiye edilmiş üre formaldehit tutkalının performans özellikleri ortaya konulmuştur. Kızılçam kabuğundan tanen elde edilerek üre formaldehit tutkalına, tutkal katı maddesine oranla %5-50 arasında tanen katılarak üre formaldehit tutkalı modifiye edilmiş, tutkalın performans özellikleri yapılan çalışmalar sonucu ortaya konmuştur. Bu çalışmada kullanılan kızılçam kabuğu Konya/Karatay ilçesinde bulunan Or-San Orman Ürünleri firmasından tedarik edilmiştir. Bu çalışma kapsamında kızılçam (Pinus brutia) kabuk tozu örneği kullanılarak ekstraksiyon işlemi yapılmış ve toz tanen elde edilmiştir. Kızılçam toz tanen örnekleri üre formaldehit tutkalına, tutkal katı maddesine oranla %5-50 arasında tanen eklenerek modifiye tutkal grupları elde edilmiştir. Üretimi yapılan modifiye tutkal örneklerinin viskozite, katı madde miktarı, jel süresi, pH ve tutkalda serbest formaldehit tayini yapılmıştır. Tüm tutkal örneklerinin ıslak ve kuru dayanım değerlerini ortaya koymak için kayın kaplama kullanılarak lap shear çekme dayanımı testleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Aynı zamanda son olarak modifiye tutkalların FT-IR analizleri ve yapışma hattının mikroskobik görüntüleri alınarak analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda üretilen modifiye tutkal grupları arasında tanen kullanım oranı arttıkça tutkal viskozitesinin arttığı görülmüştür. Tanen oranı %50 olan U11 modifiye tutkal grubunda viskozitenin en yüksek değer olan 3741cP'ye çıktığı görülmüştür. Modifiye tutkalda tanen miktarı arttıkça jelleşme süresinin de arttığı gözlemlenmiştir. Tanen oranı %15 olan U4 modifiye tutkal grubunda jelleşme süresi 340 sn olarak kaydedilmiştir. Modifiye edilmiş tutkalın serbest formaldehit tayini sonuçları incelendiğinde tanen oranının artması genel olarak tutkaldaki formaldehit miktarında azalma olduğunu göstermektedir. Fakat formaldehit miktarındaki azalmanın düzenli bir şekilde olmayıp, dalgalanmalar şeklinde olduğu görülmektedir. Yapılan lap shear çekme testlerinde en yüksek kuru dayanım değerine sahip üre formaldehit tutkalıdır. Üre formaldehit tutkalına en yakın kuru dayanım gösteren modifiye tutkal grupları sırasıyla U4, U2 ve U3 grupları olduğu görülmüştür. Islak dayanım değerlerine bakıldığında ise en yüksek ıslak dayanıma değerine ticari üre formaldehit tutkalı sahiptir. Islak dayanım değerlerinde üre formaldehit tutkalına en yakın performans gösteren modifiye tutkal örnekleri sırasıyla U4, U2 ve U3 tutkal grupları olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak modifiye tutkalın serbest formaldehit oranının üre formaldehit tutkalından önemli oranda düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir.
In this study, the performance characteristic of urea formaldehyde adhesive modified with red pine bark tannin was revealed. By obtaining tannin from red pine bark, the urea formaldehyde adhesive was modified by adding 5-50% tannin to the urea formaldehyde adhesive in proportion to the adhesive solid material, and the performance of the adhesive was revealed as a result of the studies. The red pine bark used in this study was supplied from Or-San Orman Ürünleri in Konya/Karatay district. Within the scope of this study, the extraction process was carried out using the bark powder sample of red pine (Pinus brutia)to obtain powder tannin. Modified adhesive groups were obtained by adding 5-50% tannin to urea formaldehyde adhesive in proportion to glue solid material. The viscosity, solid content, gel time, pH and free formaldehyde in the adhesive of the produced modified adhesive samples were assigned. To reveal the wet and dry strength values of all adhesive samples, lap shear tensile strength tests were carried out using beech veneer. At the same time, FT-IR analyses of the modified adhesives and microscopic images of the adhesion line were taken and analyzed. As a result of the study, it was observed that the viscosity of the adhesive increased as the tannin usage rate increased among the modified adhesive groups produced. It was observed that the viscosity increased to 3741cP, which is the highest value, in the U11 modified glue group with 50% tannin content. It was observed that as the amount of tannin increased in the modified adhesive, the gelation time also increased. The gelling time was recorded as 340 seconds in the U4 modified adhesive group with a tannin ratio of 15%. When the free formaldehyde determination results of the modified adhesive are examined, the increase in the tannin ratio shows that there is a decrease in the amount of formaldehyde in the adhesive in general. However, it is seen that the decrease in the amount of formaldehyde is not regular, but in the form of fluctuations. It is the urea formaldehyde glue with the highest dry strength value in the lap shear strength tests. It was observed that the modified adhesive groups that showed the closest dry strength to the urea formaldehyde adhesive were the U4, U2 and U3 groups, respectively. When we look at the wet strength values, the commercial urea formaldehyde adhesive has the highest wet strength value. It was observed that the modified adhesive samples that showed the closest performance to urea formaldehyde adhesive in wet strength values were U4, U2 and U3 adhesive groups, respectively. As a result, it was alleged that the free formaldehyde ratio of the modified adhesive was significantly lower than the urea formaldehyde adhesive.
In this study, the performance characteristic of urea formaldehyde adhesive modified with red pine bark tannin was revealed. By obtaining tannin from red pine bark, the urea formaldehyde adhesive was modified by adding 5-50% tannin to the urea formaldehyde adhesive in proportion to the adhesive solid material, and the performance of the adhesive was revealed as a result of the studies. The red pine bark used in this study was supplied from Or-San Orman Ürünleri in Konya/Karatay district. Within the scope of this study, the extraction process was carried out using the bark powder sample of red pine (Pinus brutia)to obtain powder tannin. Modified adhesive groups were obtained by adding 5-50% tannin to urea formaldehyde adhesive in proportion to glue solid material. The viscosity, solid content, gel time, pH and free formaldehyde in the adhesive of the produced modified adhesive samples were assigned. To reveal the wet and dry strength values of all adhesive samples, lap shear tensile strength tests were carried out using beech veneer. At the same time, FT-IR analyses of the modified adhesives and microscopic images of the adhesion line were taken and analyzed. As a result of the study, it was observed that the viscosity of the adhesive increased as the tannin usage rate increased among the modified adhesive groups produced. It was observed that the viscosity increased to 3741cP, which is the highest value, in the U11 modified glue group with 50% tannin content. It was observed that as the amount of tannin increased in the modified adhesive, the gelation time also increased. The gelling time was recorded as 340 seconds in the U4 modified adhesive group with a tannin ratio of 15%. When the free formaldehyde determination results of the modified adhesive are examined, the increase in the tannin ratio shows that there is a decrease in the amount of formaldehyde in the adhesive in general. However, it is seen that the decrease in the amount of formaldehyde is not regular, but in the form of fluctuations. It is the urea formaldehyde glue with the highest dry strength value in the lap shear strength tests. It was observed that the modified adhesive groups that showed the closest dry strength to the urea formaldehyde adhesive were the U4, U2 and U3 groups, respectively. When we look at the wet strength values, the commercial urea formaldehyde adhesive has the highest wet strength value. It was observed that the modified adhesive samples that showed the closest performance to urea formaldehyde adhesive in wet strength values were U4, U2 and U3 adhesive groups, respectively. As a result, it was alleged that the free formaldehyde ratio of the modified adhesive was significantly lower than the urea formaldehyde adhesive.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kabuk, formaldehit, tanen, modifiye tutkal, kızılçam, Bark, formaldehyde, tannin, modified adhesive, red pine
