Bursa Madan Deresi Havzası'nda coğrafi bilgi sistemi (CBS) teknikleri ve rusle yöntemi kullanılarak toprak kayıplarının belirlenmesi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2023
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Yayıncı
Bursa Teknik Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu araştırma Bursa ili Osmangazi ilçesindeki Madan Deresi Havzası'nda farklı arazi kullanım şekillerinde CBS teknikleri ve RUSLE yöntemi kullanılarak toprak kayıpları miktarının belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Bu amaç kapsamında farklı arazi kullanımlarını (orman, ziraat, mera) içerecek şekilde 120 nokta belirlenmiştir. 60 orman, 40 ziraat, 20 mera alanından olmak üzere toplam 120 adet bozulmuş toprak örneği ve 120 adet bozulmamış silindir örneği alınmıştır. Araziden alınan toprak örnekleri üzerinde; tekstür, toprak tepkimesi ve organik madde içeriği analizleri yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, CBS teknikleri ve RUSLE modeli kullanılarak Madan Deresi Havzası'nda meydana gelen erozyon miktarı belirlenmiştir. RUSLE modeli parametreleri sonucunda elde edilen değerler neticesinde R faktörü için ortalama 820,65, K faktörü için ortalama 0,0275, LS faktörü için ortalama 1,67 değeri ve C faktörü değeri için 0 ile 0,07 arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Madan Deresi havzasında RUSLE yöntemine göre farklı arazi kullanımlarında (orman, tarım, mera) hesaplanan yıllık erozyon miktarı mera alanlarında toplam 17,42 ton, tarım alanlarında 1695,42 ton ve orman alanlarında ise 281,82 ton olarak belirlenmiştir. Madan Deresi havzasında sediment iletim oranı hektarda 0,40 ton olarak hesaplanmıştır ve bu hesaplanan değer toprağın taşınması anlamına gelmektedir. Elde edilen verilere göre yılda 1995,4 ton toprak erozyon sonucu harekete geçerken; 798,16 ton toprak akarsulara ulaşmaktadır. Bu değer hektarda yılda 0,35 ton toprağın taşınması anlamına gelmektedir. Arazi kullanımlarına göre toprak kaybı ise mera alanlarında 0,35 ton/ha/yıl, tarım alanlarında 0,95 ton/ha/yıl ve orman alanlarında ise 0,07 ton/ha/yıl olarak hesaplanmıştır. RUSLE yöntemine göre en fazla tarım alanlarında erozyon meydana gelirken, en az erozyon ormanlık alanlarda meydana gelmiştir. Çalışma sahasında tarımsal faaliyetlerin çok olması doğal bitki örtüsünü tahrip etmiş ve havzada toprak kaybına sebep olmuştur. Sonuç olarak; havzada gerekli tedbirler alınmadığı taktirde erozyon şiddeti ve miktarının artacağı söylenebilir. Erozyon riski taşıyan alanlarda toprak kayıplarına neden olabilecek uygulamalardan kaçınılmalı ve erozyon ile ilgili mücadele çalışmaları başlatılarak Madan Deresi havzası etrafında kontrol çalışmalarının yaygınlaştırılması sağlanmalıdır.
This research was carried out to determine the amount of soil losses by using GIS techniques and RUSLE method in different land use types in the Madan Stream Basin in Osmangazi district of Bursa. Within the scope of this purpose, 120 points were determined to include different land uses (forest, agriculture, pasture). A total of 120 degraded soil samples and 120 undisturbed cylinder samples were taken, 60 from forest, 40 agriculture and 20 pasture areas. On soil samples taken from the field; texture, soil reaction and organic matter content analyzes were made. In the study, the amount of erosion occurred in the Madan Stream Basin was determined by using GIS techniques and RUSLE model. As a result of the values obtained as a result of the RUSLE model parameters, it was determined that the mean value for the R factor was 820.65, the mean value for the K factor was 0.0275, the mean value for the LS factor was 1.67, and the C factor value ranged between 0 and 0.07. In the Madan Stream basin, the annual erosion amount calculated in different land uses (forest, agriculture, pasture) according to the RUSLE method was determined as 17.42 tons in pasture areas, 1695.42 tons in agricultural areas and 281.82 tons in forest areas. In the Madan Stream basin, the sediment transmission rate was calculated as 0.40 tons per hectare and this calculated value means the transportation of the soil. According to the data obtained, while 1995,4 tons of soil is mobilized as a result of erosion; 798.16 tons of soil reaches streams. This value means transporting 0.35 tons of soil per hectare per year. Soil loss according to land use was calculated as 0.35 tons/ha/year in pasture areas, 0.95 tons/ha/year in agricultural areas and 0.07 tons/ha/year in forest areas. According to the RUSLE method, the most erosion occurred in agricultural areas, while the least erosion occurred in forest areas. The abundance of agricultural activities in the study area has destroyed the natural vegetation and caused soil loss in the basin. In conclusion; It can be said that if necessary precautions are not taken in the basin, the severity and amount of erosion will increase. Practices that may cause soil loss in areas at risk of erosion should be avoided and control efforts should be made to expand around the Madan Stream basin by initiating efforts to combat erosion.
This research was carried out to determine the amount of soil losses by using GIS techniques and RUSLE method in different land use types in the Madan Stream Basin in Osmangazi district of Bursa. Within the scope of this purpose, 120 points were determined to include different land uses (forest, agriculture, pasture). A total of 120 degraded soil samples and 120 undisturbed cylinder samples were taken, 60 from forest, 40 agriculture and 20 pasture areas. On soil samples taken from the field; texture, soil reaction and organic matter content analyzes were made. In the study, the amount of erosion occurred in the Madan Stream Basin was determined by using GIS techniques and RUSLE model. As a result of the values obtained as a result of the RUSLE model parameters, it was determined that the mean value for the R factor was 820.65, the mean value for the K factor was 0.0275, the mean value for the LS factor was 1.67, and the C factor value ranged between 0 and 0.07. In the Madan Stream basin, the annual erosion amount calculated in different land uses (forest, agriculture, pasture) according to the RUSLE method was determined as 17.42 tons in pasture areas, 1695.42 tons in agricultural areas and 281.82 tons in forest areas. In the Madan Stream basin, the sediment transmission rate was calculated as 0.40 tons per hectare and this calculated value means the transportation of the soil. According to the data obtained, while 1995,4 tons of soil is mobilized as a result of erosion; 798.16 tons of soil reaches streams. This value means transporting 0.35 tons of soil per hectare per year. Soil loss according to land use was calculated as 0.35 tons/ha/year in pasture areas, 0.95 tons/ha/year in agricultural areas and 0.07 tons/ha/year in forest areas. According to the RUSLE method, the most erosion occurred in agricultural areas, while the least erosion occurred in forest areas. The abundance of agricultural activities in the study area has destroyed the natural vegetation and caused soil loss in the basin. In conclusion; It can be said that if necessary precautions are not taken in the basin, the severity and amount of erosion will increase. Practices that may cause soil loss in areas at risk of erosion should be avoided and control efforts should be made to expand around the Madan Stream basin by initiating efforts to combat erosion.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ormancılık, Orman Mühendisliği, Forestry, Forest Engineering
